Contribuição do LACEN-MS no diagnóstico da tuberculose e da resistência às drogas antituberculosas em Mato Grosso do Sul / The contribution of the Public Health Central Laboratory of Mato Grosso do Sul to the diagnosis

RESUMO

Com a disseminacao da AIDS e o surgimento de cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistentes a quimioterapicos, a tuberculosetem recrudescido mundialmente. Avaliar a demanda ao Laboratorio Central de Mato Grosso do Sul (LACEN-MS) por diagnostico de M. tuberculosis e a prevalencia da resistencia a drogas antituberculose entre casos notificados ao SINAN em 2000-2006. Estudo descritivo de dados de cultivo e de testes de sensibilidade (com metodo das proporcoes) a rifampicina, isoniazida, estreptomicina e etambutol de casos notificados. Materiais biologicos (pulmonares e/ou extrapulmonares) de casos suspeitos foram semeados emmeios Lowenstein–Jensen e Ogawa–Kudoh e no sistema automatizado Bactec MGIT 960. No periodo, 66 dos 78 municipios enviaram 18 392 amostras, sendo 2 009 (10,9%) positivas. Em 1 174 (58,4%) destas realizou-se TS. Selecionaram-se 783 (66,7%) para o levantamento de resistencia, sendo 645 (82,4%) de casos nunca tratados e 138 (17,6%) com registro de tratamento. Constatou-se resistencia primaria, adquirida e combinada em 12,4%, 45,7% e 18,3% dos casos, respectivamente. O LACEN-MS atendeu 84,6% dos municipios. Entre os casos notificados ao SINAN verificou-se alta resistencia, com tuberculose multirresistente adquirida em 20,3%, evidenciando o uso previo de medicamentos como indicador de resistencia.

ABSTRACT

With the spread of AIDS and the emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, tuberculosis has made a vigorous comeback worldwide. To evaluate the demands placed on the Public Health Central Laboratory of the State of MatoGrosso do Sul (LACEN-MS) for the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis and to determine the prevalence of antituberculosis drug resistanceamong cases notified to the Brazilian Information System of Notifiable Hazards (SINAN) in 2000-2006. A descriptive study of the results of culture tests and of sensitivity tests performed for rifampicin, isoniazid, streptomycin, and ethambutol (proportion method) on material from notified cases. Pulmonary and/or extrapulmonary materials from suspected cases were seeded on Lõwenstein–Jensen and Ogawa–Kudoh. The Bactec MGIT 960 automated system was used. In the period investigated, 18 392 samples referred by 66 of the 78 counties in Mato Grosso do Sul were analyzed, 2 009 (10.9%) of which were positive. Sensitivity tests were performed on 1 174 (58.4%) of these. Resistance was investigated in 783 (66.7%) cases, of which 645 (82.4%) were naive to treatment and 138 (17.6%) had been previously treated. Primary, acquired, and combined resistance were found in 12.4%, 45.7%, and 18.3% of cases, respectively. LACEN-MS served 84.6% of Mato Grosso do Sul’s counties. Acquired multidrug resistance was found in 20.3% of the notified cases,demonstrating that previous use of drug therapy can be viewed as an indicator of resistance.