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Retinocoroidite toxoplásmica em pacientes com AIDS e neurotoxoplasmose / Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in patients with AIDS and neurotoxoplasmosis
Alves, Jane Mary; Magalhães, Vera; Matos, Marcus Augusto Gomes de.
  • Alves, Jane Mary; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Recife. BR
  • Magalhães, Vera; UFPE. Recife. BR
  • Matos, Marcus Augusto Gomes de; Hospital Português. Real Visão. Recife. BR
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 73(2): 150-154, Mar.-Apr. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-548145
RESUMO
OBJETIVO: A neurotoxoplasmose é a alteração do sistema nervoso central mais frequente observada em pacientes com AIDS. A ocorrência de toxoplasmose ocular em neurotoxoplasmose ainda é pouco estudada. O objetivo deste estudo foi de investigar a ocorrência de retinocoroidite toxoplásmica, típica ou provável, em pacientes com AIDS e neurotoxoplasmose. MÉTODOS: Foi desenvolvido estudo prospectivo, tipo série de casos incluindo 70 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com idade variando de 20 a 63 anos, internados nas enfermarias de três hospitais públicos da cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, com tais diagnósticos firmados segundo os critérios do CDC (1992), no período de janeiro a outubro de 2008. Os pacientes caracterizavam-se por: primeiro episódio de neurotoxoplasmose (65; 92,9 por cento) ou recidiva (5; 7,1 por cento); desconhecimento de ter AIDS (23; 32,9 por cento), contagem média de linfócitos T CD4 de 139,8 ± 3,04 células/mm³ e carga viral média igual a 137.080 ± 39.380 cópias/mL. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico, consistindo de: inspeção ocular; aferição da acuidade visual; investigação da função muscular extrínseca ocular e fundoscopia, empregando oftalmoscópio indireto binocular (modelo OHN 3.5 (Eyetec®) e lente externa de 20 dioptrias (Volk®). RESULTADOS: Foram diagnosticados 4 (5,7 por cento) pacientes com lesões cicatriciais de retinocoroidite, características de toxoplasmose ocular, sendo típica em 3 (75 por cento) pacientes e bilateral em 1. Não houve qualquer caso de retinocoroidite ativa, típica ou provável. As lesões oculares ativas foram raras comparadas às lesões cicatriciais, as quais se associam à presença de cistos na retina. CONCLUSÃO: Recomenda-se que mesmo lesões cicatriciais sejam valorizadas em pacientes com AIDS.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Neurotoxoplasmosis is the most common central nervous system disorder in patients with AIDS. The occurrence of ocular toxoplasmosis in neurotoxoplasmosis is not well studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of typical or probable toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in patients with AIDS and neurotoxoplasmosis. METHODS: A prospective case series was performed, including 70 patients of both genders, aged from 20 to 63 years, hospitalized in three public hospitals in Recife, Pernambuco, with such diagnosis according to the CDC criteria (1992), from January to October, 2008. RESULTS: Patients were characterized by first neurotoxoplasmosis episode (65, 92.9 percent) or relapse (5, 7.1 percent), ignorance of AIDS diagnosis (23, 32.9 percent), mean CD4 T lymphocytes count of 139.8 ± 3.04 cells/mm³ and mean viral load of 137,080 ± 39,380 copies/mL. All patients underwent ophthalmologic examination, consisting of ocular inspection, visual acuity measurement, investigation of ocular extrinsic muscle function and fundoscopy, using binocular indirect ophthalmoscope (model OHN 3.5 (Eyetec®) and 20 diopters external lens (Volk®). Four (5.7 percent) patients presented retinochoroiditis scar lesions, characteristic of ocular toxoplasmosis, typical in 3 (75 percent) of them and bilateral in one. There was no case of typical or probable active retinochoroiditis. Active ocular lesions were rare compared to scarring, which are associated with the presence of retinal cysts. CONCLUSION: Scarring lesions should be valued in patients with AIDS.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Toxoplasmosis, Ocular / Chorioretinitis / Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral / AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male Language: Portuguese Journal: Arq. bras. oftalmol Journal subject: Ophthalmology Year: 2010 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Português/BR / UFPE/BR / Universidade Federal de Pernambuco/BR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Toxoplasmosis, Ocular / Chorioretinitis / Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral / AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male Language: Portuguese Journal: Arq. bras. oftalmol Journal subject: Ophthalmology Year: 2010 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Português/BR / UFPE/BR / Universidade Federal de Pernambuco/BR