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Violência e atividade sexual desprotegida em adolescentes menores de 15 anos / Violence and unsafe sexual activity of adolescents under 15 years of age
Teixeira, Sérgio Araujo Martins; Taquette, Stella Regina.
  • Teixeira, Sérgio Araujo Martins; Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos. Faculdade de Medicina. Rio de Janeiro. BR
  • Taquette, Stella Regina; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 56(4): 440-446, 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-557324
RESUMO

OBJETIVO:

Identificar fatores associados à atividade sexual desprotegida em adolescentes femininas menores de 15 anos.

MÉTODOS:

Estudo observacional de corte transversal com adolescentes femininas menores de 15 anos e sexualmente ativas, atendidas em um ambulatório público de ginecologia. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram entrevista semiestruturada para dados pessoais e de sexualidade, e exame clínico-laboratorial para diagnóstico de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. Os dados foram analisados por meio de testes de frequência, de associação de variáveis com p <0,05 e análise de correspondência múltipla.

RESULTADOS:

Cem adolescentes de 11 a 14 anos sexualmente ativas foram entrevistadas e examinadas; 71 por cento se autodeclararam negras, um terço apresentava atraso escolar, 80 por cento iniciaram a atividade sexual antes dos 13 anos; 58 por cento referiram já terem sido vítimas de violência no ambiente intrafamiliar e 13 por cento sofreram abuso sexual; 77 por cento não utilizavam preservativo regularmente e 22 por cento eram portadoras de DST. A atividade sexual desprotegida teve maior ocorrência conjunta com sexarca antes dos 13 anos, exploração sexual comercial, múltiplas parcerias sexuais, violência intrafamiliar, atraso escolar, ser da raça/cor negra, gravidez não esperada e DST.

CONCLUSÃO:

As múltiplas violências de que são vítimas as adolescentes, entre elas a estrutural, intrafamiliar e sexual, contribuem para o aumento de suas vulnerabilidades, início precoce e desprotegido da atividade sexual, assim como as DST e gestações não esperadas. A sinergia entre pobreza, baixa escolaridade e baixa autoestima reduz as possibilidades de as adolescentes construírem mecanismos de autoproteção e as expõem a serem revitimizadas fora do ambiente familiar.
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:

To identify factors associated with unprotected sexual activity in female adolescents younger than 15 years.

METHODS:

Observational cross-sectional trial with female teenagers less than 15 years-old and sexually active, attended at a public gynecology clinic. Instruments for data collection were semi-structured interviews for personal data and about sexuality as well as clinical examination and laboratory tests for diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases. Data were analyzed by testing of frequency, association of variables with p <0.05 and multiple correspondence analysis.

RESULTS:

One hundred adolescents between 11 and 14 years of age sexually active were interviewed and examined, 71 percent declared themselves black, one-third were behind in school, 80 percent began sexual activity before 13 years of age , 58 percent reported having been victims of violence in the intrafamily environment and 13 percent had suffered sexual abuse, 77 percent did not use condoms regularly and 22 percent had STDs. Unprotected sexual activity occurred more frequently with the first sexual intercourse before 13 years of age, commercial sexual exploitaion, multiple sexual partners, intrafamily violence and school delay, in addition to be black, to unexpected pregnancy and have STDs.

CONCLUSION:

The multiple violence suffered by teenagers, including structural, intrafamily and sexual, contribute to increase their vulnerabilities, early and unprotected sexual activity, as well as STDs and unexpected pregnancies. The synergy between poverty, poor education and low self-esteem reduces the chances of adolescents building self-protection mechanisms and exposes them to be victimized again outside the family environment.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Pregnancy in Adolescence / Sexual Behavior / Violence / Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Adolescent Behavior Type of study: Diagnostic study / Etiology study / Incidence study / Observational study / Prevalence study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Risk factors Limits: Adolescent / Child / Female / Humans / Pregnancy Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: Portuguese Journal: Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) Year: 2010 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos/BR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Pregnancy in Adolescence / Sexual Behavior / Violence / Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Adolescent Behavior Type of study: Diagnostic study / Etiology study / Incidence study / Observational study / Prevalence study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Risk factors Limits: Adolescent / Child / Female / Humans / Pregnancy Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: Portuguese Journal: Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) Year: 2010 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos/BR