Prevalencia de anticuerpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilos en pacientes con artritis psoriática / Prevalence of antibodies anticytoplasm of neutrophils in patients with Psoriatic Arthritis

RESUMEN

Los anticuerpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilos (ANCA) han cobrado relevancia en distintas patologías. Recientemente se ha reportado un elevado porcentaje (79%) de ANCAp en pacientes con Artropatía Psoriática (APs). Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar la prevalencia ANCAp en pacientes con APs y compararlo con pacientes con artritis reumatoidea (AR), espondilitis anquilosante (EA), psoriasis cutánea (Ps) y controles sanos (CS). Material y métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes consecutivos con APs según criterios CASPAR, AR (criterios ACR 87), EA (criterios de NY modificados); los CS fueron personas de la población general sin antecedentes o evidencias de enfermedades inmunológicas. Se excluyeron pacientes con antecedentes oncológicos, infecciosos, sarcoidosis u otras enfermedades del tejido conectivo y/o vasculitis. Se consignaron datos demográficos, clínicos, radiológicos, antecedentes familiares y terapéutica actual. Se realizaron cuestionarios de actividad de enfermedad y capacidad funcional BASDAI, BASFI, PASI y HAQ. Se extrajeron muestras de sangre para determinación de ANCA por IFI en etanol que posteriormente fueron confirmadas por IFI en formol. Se realizó además laboratorio general de rutina. Análisis estadístico Las variables continuas fueron comparadas por ANOVA o test Student y las variables categóricas por Chi-cuadrado o test de Fisher. Resultados: Se incluyeron 148 pacientes (APs = 43, EA = 22, AR = 41, Controles = 38, Psoriasis cutánea = 4). La mediana de edad fue de 52 años (RIQ 39,5-59), 66% eran mujeres. En el análisis intergrupo, las EA eran más jóvenes y más frecuentemente (87%) de sexo masculino. El resto de los grupos eran comparables para todas las variables demográficas. 57 pacientes mostraron fluorescencia positiva en etanol AR 25 (61%), APs 14 (32,6%), EA 11 (50%), CS 6 (15,8%) y Ps 1 (25%).

ABSTRACT

Antibodies ANCA are important diagnostic tools in different diseases. Recently it has been shown that these antibodies can be observed in 79% of patients with Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA). The purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence of ANCA in patients with PsA and compared to patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Psoriasis (Ps) and healthy controls (HC). Material and methods: Consecutive patients with PsA (CASPAR criteria), RA (ACR ’87) and AS (New York criteria) were included. HC were people of the general population without evidence of immunological diseases. Patients with a previous history of oncologic, infectious diseases and sarcoidosis were excluded. Demographic, clinical, radiological and therapeutic data were collected. Disease activity and functional capacity were evaluated using validated and specific questionnaires (BASDAI, BASFI, PASI, and HAQ). ANCAs were determined by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on ethanol. Then, the positive ones were confirmed by IIF on formol. Student test, ANOVA, Chi square and Fisher exact test were used for Statistical analysis. Results: 148 patients were included (PsA = 43, AS = 22, RA = 41, Ps = 4 y HC = 38). Median age was 52 years (IQR 39.5 – 59), 66% were women. AS patients were younger and more frequently men. Other variables were comparable between groups. 57 patients exhibited positive ethanol fluorescence RA 25 (61%), PsA 14 (32.6%), AS 11 (50%), HC 6 (15.8%) and Ps 1 (25%). However only 5 patients showed formol fluorescence AS 4/22 (ANCAp = 2, ANCAc = 2) y RA 1/41 (ANCAp). The frequency of positive ANCA was significantly greater in AS vs. RA (p = 0.046).