General versus regional anesthesia for ambulatory arthroscopic knee surgery / Anestesia general versus regional para cirugía artroscópica ambulatoria de rodilla

ABSTRACT

Background: Arthroscopic surgical procedures on the knee are now frequently performed and there is still no agreement as to what is the best anesthesia technique for them. Any anesthetic technique used should bring fast and safe recovery, accompanied by good postoperative pain controland good patient satisfaction, all very important goals of ambulatory anesthesia. Objective: The goal of the study was to compare general versus regional anesthesia (sciatic, femoral and obturator nerve blocks) in terms of pain control, time to discharge and overall patient satisfaction among others. Methods: We conducted a randomized, non-blinded, clinical essay. The sample included all patients scheduled for arthroscopic knee surgery at Clinica CES that met inclusion criteria, during the period of time that the study was performed. Results: There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics, or intraoperative time between groups. Time spent in post anesthesia care unit was significantly lower in the group where regional anesthesia was used (15 vs. 78 minutes, p<0.05). Patients in the regional anesthesia group also did not require supplemental analgesia and were discharged earlier. In fact, all the patients in regional anesthesia group had VAS Pain Scores less than 3 one hour after surgery, while 56% of the patients in the general anesthesia group had pain scores above 5 and required supplemental analgesia. There were higher incidence of postoperative nausea and vomit and greater anesthesia-related costs in general anesthesia group. Regional anesthesia patients were more satisfied with the anesthetic technique used than the general anesthesia ones. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that regional anesthesia for ambulatory arthroscopy knee surgery provides better postoperative analgesia, earlier discharge and better patient satisfaction than general anesthesia.

RESUMEN

Introducción: La cirugía artroscópica de rodilla realizada ambulatoriamente impone el reto de encontrar la técnica anestésica más adecuada para este tipo de procedimiento. La técnica usada debe conllevar a una rápida 1:1 segura recuperación, brindar buen control del dolor en el postoperatorio e incrementar la satisfacción del paciente. Objetivo: Comparar la anestesia general versus anestesia regional (bloqueo de nervio periférico de los nervios ciático (abordaje posterior) femoral y obturador en cirugía artroscópica de rodilla en términos de control del dolor, tiempo para el alta hospitalaria y satisfacción general del paciente, entre otros. Métodos: Realizamos un estudio clínico, aleatorizado no cegado. La muestra incluyó todos los pacientes con cirugía artroscópica de rodilla ambulatoria efectuadas en la Clínica CES durante 2005. Resultados: No hubo diferencia estadística mente significativa en las características demográficas, ni en el tiempo intraoperatorio entre los grupos. El tiempo de estancia promedio en la unidad de cuidados postanestésicos fue significativamente menor en el grupo de anestesia regional (15 vs 78 min, p<0.005)...