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Vigilancia neurofisiológica transoperatoria multimodal en cirugía de columna / Neurophysiological monitoring in spinal cord surgery
Collado-Corona, Miguel Ángel; Leo-Vargas, Roberto de; Sandoval-Sánchez, Víctor; Díaz-Hernández, Alejandro; Gutiérrez-Sougarret, Bernardo José; Shkurovich-Bialik, Paul.
  • Collado-Corona, Miguel Ángel; The American British Cowdray Medical Center IAP. Centro Neurológico. México. MX
  • Leo-Vargas, Roberto de; The American British Cowdray Medical Center IAP. Centro Neurológico. México. MX
  • Sandoval-Sánchez, Víctor; The American British Cowdray Medical Center IAP. Centro Neurológico. México. MX
  • Díaz-Hernández, Alejandro; The American British Cowdray Medical Center IAP. Centro Neurológico. México. MX
  • Gutiérrez-Sougarret, Bernardo José; The American British Cowdray Medical Center IAP. Centro Neurológico. México. MX
  • Shkurovich-Bialik, Paul; The American British Cowdray Medical Center IAP. Centro Neurológico. México. MX
Cir. & cir ; 77(5): 385-390, sept.-oct. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-566469
RESUMEN

Introducción:

La vigilancia neurofisiológica durante la cirugía de columna vertebral y de la médula espinal consiste en pruebas de potenciales evocados somatosensoriales, potenciales motores musculares, potenciales dermatomales y electromiografía. El riesgo de daño neurológico permanente después de una cirugía medular sin monitorización es significativo y el costo alto. El objetivo de la vigilancia neurofisiológica es identificar, prevenir y corregir de forma inmediata el daño neurológico que puede pasar inadvertido durante la cirugía de columna vertebral y médula espinal. Material y

métodos:

Estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de columna entre 2007 y 2008 con vigilancia neurofisiológica transoperatoria.

Resultados:

La muestra estuvo integrada por 351 pacientes, 135 del sexo masculino (38.46 %) y 216 del femenino (61.54 %); 82 % correspondió a patología osteodiscal con o sin afectación medular, 12 % a etiología traumática, 4 % a corrección de escoliosis y 2 % a tumores medulares; por localización, 62.1 % a patología lumbar, 33 % a cervical, 4.3 % a nivel dorsal y 0.5 % a nivel sacro. El 12.4 % de los pacientes presentó mejoría de la respuesta basal de sus potenciales evocados somatosensoriales; 56.8 % los mantuvo similares a sus controles prequirúrgicos, 28.4 % requirió llamada de alerta al cirujano por riesgo de daño y 2.4 % caída severa de respuesta. En ningún caso hubo pérdida permanente.

Conclusiones:

La vigilancia neurofisiológica constituye una herramienta de gran valor que evita daños que pueden producirse durante esta cirugía.
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM) during spine surgery consists of several functional tests including somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), motor evoked potentials (MEPs), dermatomal potentials (DPs) and EMG (electromyography). Permanent neurological damage after spine surgery performed without intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring is frequent and often very costly. The main goal of IOM is the immediate detection, prevention and correction of neurological damage during surgery, which may go unnoticed without using these tests.

METHODS:

A total of 351 clinical files of patients with spinal surgery and continuous neurophysiological monitoring were transversally and descriptively reviewed from 2007 to 2008.

RESULTS:

There were 135 male patients (38.46%) and 216 female patients (61.54%); 82% of the cases were osteodiscal pathology with or without medullar involvement, 12% were patients with traumatic injuries, 4% with scoliosis and 2% had medullary tumors. Regarding localization, 62.1% were lumbar, 33% cervical, 4.3% thoracic and 0.5% sacral involvement; 12.4% of our cases showed significant improvement of the basal responses on SSEPs, and 56.8% showed no significant change during the procedure. In 28.4% of the cases, the surgical team had to be advised of potential neurological damage and in 2.4% there was absence of neurophysiological responses. No patient showed complete loss of any neurophysiological response. All patients reported clinical improvement after hospital discharge.

CONCLUSIONS:

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring may help avoid certain neurological risks during spine surgery, which may go unnoticed without the use of this technique.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Postoperative Complications / Spinal Cord / Spinal Cord Injuries / Monitoring, Intraoperative / Neurosurgical Procedures / Evoked Potentials Type of study: Observational study / Prevalence study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Female / Humans / Male Language: Spanish Journal: Cir. & cir Journal subject: General Surgery Year: 2009 Type: Article Affiliation country: Mexico Institution/Affiliation country: The American British Cowdray Medical Center IAP/MX

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Postoperative Complications / Spinal Cord / Spinal Cord Injuries / Monitoring, Intraoperative / Neurosurgical Procedures / Evoked Potentials Type of study: Observational study / Prevalence study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Female / Humans / Male Language: Spanish Journal: Cir. & cir Journal subject: General Surgery Year: 2009 Type: Article Affiliation country: Mexico Institution/Affiliation country: The American British Cowdray Medical Center IAP/MX