Parámetros clínicos y de laboratorio asociados a sepsis neonatal nosocomial / Clinical and laboratory parameters in neonatal nosocomial sepsis

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad de signos, síntomas y parámetros laboratoriales para predecir sepsis neonatal nosocomial. Métodos: De marzo de 2002 a junio de 2003 se identificaron 343 recién nacidos con sospecha de sepsis neonatal nosocomial, de los cuales 60 reunieron los criterios de inclusión. Se tomaron dos hemocultivos, biometría hemática, proteína C reactiva (PCR) seriada y un frotis de leucocitos teñidos con naranja de acridina o buffy coat. Los signos clínicos y laboratoriales fueron comparados en neonatos con y sin hemocultivo positivo, mediante χ2. Se calculó sensibilidad, especificidad, valores de predicción y razón de momios. Resultados: En 35/60 (58.3%) recién nacidos se aislaron bacterias patógenas. No se identificaron signos o síntomas asociados a sepsis neonatal nosocomial. Plaquetopenia (χ2=4.8 d.f. 1,p=0.03, RM=3.2, IC 95%=1.1-9.6); PCR positiva inicial (χ2=9.1 d.f. 1, p=0.003, RM=15.1, IC 95%=1.7-130.6) y buffy coat positivo (χ2=6.7 d.f.1,p=0.009, RM=11, IC 95%=1.3-91.9) se asociaron significativamente a sepsis neonatal nosocomial. Staphylococcus epidermidis y Serratia marcescens fueron las bacterias más aisladas. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados fueron consistentes con otros informes, los signos y síntomas clínicos no son de utilidad para predecir sepsis neonatal nosocomial, mientras que la plaquetopenia, PCR y buffy coat positivos resultaron buenos predictores de esta patología.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Assess if certain clinical and laboratorial data are associated with Neonatal Nosocomial Sepsis (NNS). METHODS: From March to June 2003, 343 premature neonates (PN) with clinical data suggestive of NNS were recruited; 60 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were studied. Laboratory tests included two blood cultures from different peripheral veins, complete blood count (CBC), serial C reactive protein (CRP), and buffy coat (BC) smear stained with acridine orange. Clinical data and laboratory test results were compared among neonates with and without pathogenic bacteria isolated in the blood culture. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests (chi2), odds ratios (OR), sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. RESULTS: In 35/60 (58.3%) PN, a pathogenic bacteria was isolated in blood cultures. We did not identify signs and symptoms significantly associated with SNN. Thrombocytopenia (chi2 4.8 d.f. 1; p = 0.03; OR: 3.2, C.I. 95% 1.1-9.6); positive CRP (chi2 9.1 d.f. 1; p = 0.003; OR: 15.1 C.I. 95%. 1.7-130.6), and positive buffy coat smear (chi2 6.7 d.f. 1; p = 0.009; OR: 11 C.I. 95% 1.3-91.9) were associated with NNS. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Serratia marcescens were the most frequent isolated bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: The present study did not identify signs and symptoms associated with NNS. Nevertheless, thrombocytopenia, positive CRP and positive buffy coat smear were considered adequate predictive factors.