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Agrafia para Kanji e Kana em comprometimento cognitivo leve e demência: comparação transcultural de indivíduos idosos morando no Japão e Brasil / Kanji and Kana agraphia in mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a trans-cultural comparison of elderly Japanesesubjects living in Japan and Brazil
Akanuma, Kyoko; Meguro, Kenichi; Meguro, Mitsue; Chubaci, Rosa Yuka Sato; Caramelli, Paulo; Nitrini, Ricardo.
  • Akanuma, Kyoko; Tohoku University Graduate. School of Medicine. Department of Geriatric Behavioral Neurology. Sendai. JP
  • Meguro, Kenichi; Tohoku University Graduate. School of Medicine. Department of Geriatric Behavioral Neurology. Sendai. JP
  • Meguro, Mitsue; Tohoku University Graduate. School of Medicine. Department of Geriatric Behavioral Neurology. Sendai. JP
  • Chubaci, Rosa Yuka Sato; University of São Paulo. School of Medicine. Department of Nursing. São Paulo. BR
  • Caramelli, Paulo; Federal University of Minas Gerais. Faculty of Medicine. Department of Internal Medicine. Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit. Belo Horizonte. BR
  • Nitrini, Ricardo; University of São Paulo. School of Medicine. Department of Neurology. São Paulo. BR
Dement. neuropsychol ; 4(4)dez. 2010.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-570179
ABSTRACT
This study verifies the environmental effects on agraphia in mild cognitive impairment and dementia. We compared elderly Japanese subjects living in Japan and Brazil.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed the database of the Prevalence Study 1998 in Tajiri (n=497, Miyagi, Japan) and the Prevalence Study 1997 of elderly Japanese immigrants living in Brazil (n=166, migrated from Japan and living in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area). In three Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) groups, i.e., CDR 0 (healthy), CDR 0.5 (questionable dementia), and CDR 1+ (dementia) , the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) item of spontaneous writing and the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) domain of dictation were analyzed with regard to the number of Kanji and Kana characters. Formal errors in characters and pragmatic errors were also analyzed.

Results:

The immigrants in Brazil wrote similar numbers of Kanji or Kana characters compared to the residents of Japan. In spontaneous writing, the formal Kanji errors were greater in the CDR 1+ group of immigrants. In writing from dictation, all the immigrant CDR groups made more formal errors in Kana than the Japan residents. No significant differences in pragmatic errors were detected between the two groups.

Conclusions:

Subjects living in Japan use Kanji frequently, and thus the form of written characters was simplified, which might be assessed as mild formal errors. In immigrants, the deterioration in Kanji and Kana writing was partly due to decreased daily usage of the characters. Lower levels of education of immigrants might also be related to the number of Kanji errors.
RESUMO
Este estudo verifica os efeitos do meio ambiente sobre a agrafia em comprometimento cognitivo leve e demência. Nós comparamos indivíduos idosos vivendo no Japão e Brasil.

Métodos:

Nós, retrospectivamente, analisamos a base de dados do Estudo de Prevalência 1998 em Tajiri (n=497, Miyagi, Japão) e do Estudo de Prevalência 1997 de imigrantes idosos japoneses vivendo no Brasil (n=166, imigrados do Japão e residindo na área metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo). Em três grupos de CDR (Clinical Dementia Rating), isto é, CDR 0 (saudáveis), CDR 0.5 (demência questionável) e CDR1+ (demência), o item de escrita espontânea do Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e o domínio de ditado do Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) foram analisados em relação ao número de caracteres em Kanji e Kana. Erros formais nos caracteres e erros pragmáticos foram também analisados.

Resultados:

Os imigrantes no Brasil escreveram número similar de caracteres de Kanji e Kana comparados aos residentes no Japão. Na escrita espontânea, os erros formais de Kanji foram maiores no grupo de CDR1+ em imigrantes. Na escrita sob ditado, todos os grupos de CDR de imigrantes fizeram mais erros formais em Kana do que os residentes no Japão. Nenhuma diferença foi encontrada em erros pragmáticos entre os grupos.

Conclusões:

Sujeitos vivendo no Japão usam Kanji freqüentemente, e então, a forma de caracteres escritos foi simplificada, o que pode ser avaliado como discretos erros formais. Em imigrantes, a deterioração na escrita em Kanji e Kana foi parcialmente devida ao uso diário restrito dos caracteres. Baixos níveis educacionais dos imigrantes podem estar relacionados ao número de erros em Kanji.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Health of the Elderly / Cognition / Dementia / Agraphia / Education Type of study: Evaluation studies / Prevalence study / Risk factors Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: English Journal: Dement. neuropsychol Journal subject: NEUROCIENCIAS / Neurology / Psychology / Psychiatry Year: 2010 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil / Japan Institution/Affiliation country: Federal University of Minas Gerais/BR / Tohoku University Graduate/JP / University of São Paulo/BR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Health of the Elderly / Cognition / Dementia / Agraphia / Education Type of study: Evaluation studies / Prevalence study / Risk factors Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: English Journal: Dement. neuropsychol Journal subject: NEUROCIENCIAS / Neurology / Psychology / Psychiatry Year: 2010 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil / Japan Institution/Affiliation country: Federal University of Minas Gerais/BR / Tohoku University Graduate/JP / University of São Paulo/BR