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Mortalidad por cardiopatía isquémica en Chile: quiénes, cuántos y dónde / Mortality from ischemic heart disease in Chile: who, how many, and where
Alonso, Faustino Tomás; Nazzal, Carolina; Alvarado, María Elena.
  • Alonso, Faustino Tomás; Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Medicina. División Epidemiología, Escuela de Salud Pública. Santiago. CL
  • Nazzal, Carolina; Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Medicina. División Epidemiología, Escuela de Salud Pública. Santiago. CL
  • Alvarado, María Elena; Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Medicina. División Epidemiología, Escuela de Salud Pública. Santiago. CL
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 28(5): 319-325, nov. 2010. graf, mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-573955
RESUMEN

OBJETIVO:

Describir las características de la mortalidad por cardiopatía isquémica en Chile y su evolución temporal, e identificar los factores asociados a mortalidad extrahospitalaria por esta patología entre 1997 y 2007. MÉTODOS. Estudio de serie temporal que utiliza las bases de defunciones del Departamento de Estadísticas e Información en Salud entre 1997 y 2007. De un total de 917 029 muertes notificadas, se seleccionaron aquellas cuya causa primaria fue cardiopatía isquémica (códigos I20 a I25 de la CIE-10). Se calcularon tasas crudas y ajustadas por edad y sexo para analizar la tendencia. Se analizaron las características de la mortalidad según el lugar de defunción, evaluando posibles factores asociados a mortalidad extrahospitalaria (casa/habitación u otro lugar), incluidos edad, ruralidad, estado civil, educación y sexo, así como el efecto de la incorporación del infarto agudo al miocardio a la ley de garantías en salud (GES), con regresión binomial.

RESULTADOS:

Durante el período estudiado se notificaron 87 342 muertes por cardiopatía isquémica, de las cuales 57,7 por ciento eran hombres y 59,5 por ciento ocurrieron fuera del hospital. La tasa de mortalidad ajustada por edad disminuyó de 52,9 a 40,4 por 100 000 habitantes. Los factores asociados a mortalidad extrahospitalaria en hombres fueron ruralidad, riesgo relativo (RR) 1,24 (1,21-1,27); edad mayor a 70 años, RR 1,03 (1,01-1,05); estado civil soltero, RR 1,10 (1,08-1,12), mientras que en las mujeres los valores correspondientes fueron 1,13 (1,10-1,18); 1,31 (1,27-1,36) y 1,07 (1,04-1,09). La adopción de la GES se asoció con un aumento en el porcentaje de muertes intrahospitalarias en mujeres, RR 0,95 (0,92-0,97).

CONCLUSIONES:

†La mortalidad por cardiopatía isquémica en Chile ha disminuido. El mayor porcentaje de las muertes ocurren fuera de hospitales o clínicas. Los factores asociados a mortalidad extrahospitalaria en ambos sexos fueron edad avanzada, estado civil soltero y ruralidad.
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:

To describe the characteristics of mortality from ischemic heart disease in Chile and its trend over time, and to identify the factors associated with extra-hospital mortality from this pathology between 1997 and 2007.

METHODS:

A time-series study was conducted using the mortality database of the Department of Health Statistics and Information for 1997 to 2007. Of the total of 917 029 deaths reported in this period, those whose primary cause was ischemic heart disease (ICD-10 codes I20-I25) were selected. Crude and adjusted rates were calculated by age and sex in order to analyze the trend. Mortality characteristics were analyzed by the place of death, evaluating potential factors associated with extra-hospital mortality (death at home or elsewhere outside a hospital or clinic). The factors considered, using binomial regression, were age, rurality, marital status, education, and sex, as well as the effect of the incorporation of acute myocardial infarction into the explicit health guarantees law.

RESULTS:

During the period in question, 87 342 deaths from ischemic heart disease were reported, 57.7 percent of which were in males and 59.5 percent outside the hospital. The age-standardized mortality rate declined from 52.9 to 40.4 per 100 000 population. Factors related to extra-hospital mortality in men were rurality, relative risk (RR) 1.24 (1.21-1.27); age of over 70 years, RR 1.03 (1.01-1.05); and being single, RR 1.10 (1.08-1.12). In women, the respective values were rurality, 1.13 (1.10-1.18); advanced age, 1.31 (1.27-1.36); and being single, 1.07 (1.04-1.09). Passage of the explicit health guarantees law was associated with an increase in the percentage of in-hospital deaths in women, RR 0.95 (0.92-0.97).

CONCLUSIONS:

Mortality from ischemic heart disease in Chile has declined. The majority of deaths from this cause occur outside hospitals or clinics. The factors associated with extra-hospital mortality in both sexes were advanced age, being single, and rurality.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Myocardial Ischemia Type of study: Etiology study / Prognostic study Limits: Aged / Aged80 / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Chile Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. panam. salud pública Journal subject: Public Health Year: 2010 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad de Chile/CL

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Myocardial Ischemia Type of study: Etiology study / Prognostic study Limits: Aged / Aged80 / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Chile Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. panam. salud pública Journal subject: Public Health Year: 2010 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad de Chile/CL