Síntomas gripales asociados a la vacunación antigripal en personal de salud / Flu-like symptoms associated with influenza vaccination in health personnel

RESUMEN

Introducción: En el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires se realizó una campaña de vacunación masiva destinada al personalde la institución durante mayo de 2009.Objetivo: Medir síntomas gripales asociados a la vacunación en personal de salud. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte. Se compararon, mediante riesgo relativo, las incidencias de los síntomas gripales informados para la semana epidemiológica 20, por 400 vacunados durante dicha semana y 400 no vacunados, apareados por edad, sexo y profesión. Los síntomas comunicados dentro de las 48 horas posteriores a la vacunación se consideraron secundarios a ella. Resultados: Fueron encuestados 583 (72.5%) de los cuales 281 vacunados y 302 no vacunados edad media 36 (DS 11) vs. 35.2 (DS 10.5); mujeres 54% vs. 57% y médicos 21% vs. 18%. En la semana de vacunación presentaron fiebre 12.46% vs. 6.95% (RR 1.79, IC95% 1.07-3), coriza 24.2% vs. 17.22% (RR 1.41 IC95%1.02-1.94), odinofagia 11.74% vs. 0.33%(RR 35.47 IC 95% 4.88-257), dolor corporal 18.86% vs. 14.57% (RR 1.29 IC 95% 0.9-1.87) vacunados y no vacunados, respectivamente. Se atribuyen a la vacuna dolor corporal 9.25% (IC95% 6.3-13.6), coriza 8.19% (IC95% 5.4-12.31); fiebre 6.78% (IC95% 4.31-10.6) y odinofagia 4.27% (IC 95% 2.42-7.5). Y dolor de brazo 65%. Los médicos no informaronmayor frecuencia de síntomas gripales.Discusión: En la literatura, la odinofagia y la coriza no están asociadas a la vacunación, la frecuencia de los otros síntomas a las 48 horas fue similar a la informada. Conclusión: El síndrome gripal fue descripto con mayor frecuencia entre los vacunados y puede ser resultado de un sesgo de reporte.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In May 2009, prior to the beginning of winter in the Southern hemisphere, a massive vaccination campaign for the personnel was performed at the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Objective: To assess symptoms associated with influenza vaccination in health personnel. Methods: In a cohort study, the impact of flu symptoms reported for the epidemiological week number 20 were compared using the relative risk between 400 vaccinated vs. 400 unvaccinated individuals matched for age, sex and occupation. Symptoms reported within 48 hours after vaccination were considered secondary this event. Results: 583 people were respondents (72.5%) of whom 281 were vaccinated vs. 302 who were unvaccinated (mean age, 36 yr (SD 11 yr) vs. 35.2 yr (SD 10.5 yr); women, 54% vs. 57%; doctors 21% vs. 18%, respectively). During the vaccination week, 12.46% vaccinated vs. 6.95% unvaccinated individuals presented fever (RR 1.79, CI95% 1.07-3); a cold, 24.2% vs. 17.2% (RR 1.41, CI95% 1.02-1.94); sore throat, 11.74% vs. 0.33% (RR 35.47, CI 95% 4.88-257); body pain, 18.86% vs. 14.57% (RR 1.29, CI 95% 0.9-1.87), respectively. Symptoms attributed to the vaccine were body pain, 9.25% (CI95% 6.3-13.6); cold, 8.19% (CI95% 5.4-12.31); fever, 6.78% (CI95% 4.31-10.6); sore throat, 4.27% (CI 95% 2.42-7.5); and arm pain, 65%. Doctors did not report a higher frequency of flu symptoms.Discussion: Sore throat and cold are not symptoms commonly reported in association with vaccination. The frequency of other symptoms following the first 48 hours of vaccination was similar to previous reports. Conclusion: The flu syndrome was reported more frequently in vaccinated people as compared with those unvaccinated.However, these results might be due to a reporting bias.