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Impacto da etiologia da cardiopatia nos distúrbios respiratórios do sono: comparação entre pacientes com valvopatias versus insuficiência cardíaca com disfunção sistólica / Impact of etiology of cardiopathy on sleep disordered breathing: comparison between patients with valve diseases and systolic congestive heart failure
São Paulo; s.n; 2010. [82] p. graf, ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-579492
RESUMO

Introdução:

A apnéia central do sono e a apnéia obstrutiva do sono (ACS e AOS, respectivamente) são comuns em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca com disfunção sistólica (ICC). No entanto, vários fatores que levam a instabilidade respiratória incluindo baixo débito cardíaco, congestão pulmonar e hipocapnia coexistem nestes pacientes. Pacientes com valvopatias (VAL) com alta pressão de capilar pulmonar (PCP) e com fração de ejeção (FE) de ventrículo esquerdo normal representam um modelo adequado para elucidar a gênese da apnéia do sono.

Objetivos:

Comparar as características dos distúrbios respiratórios do sono em pacientes com VAL e pacientes com ICC.

Métodos:

Pacientes com VAL com PCP > 12 mmHg e pacientes com ICC foram avaliados por, gasometria arterial, ecocardiograma e polissonografia.

Resultados:

Pacientes com VAL (n=17, PCP 24 ± 9 mmHg e FE 61 ± 6 %) e ICC (n=17, FE 31 ± 10 %) eram semelhantes quanto as características demográficas e gases arteriais (idade 46 ± 10 versus 47 ± 9, sexo feminino 11 em ambos os grupos, índice de massa corporal 26 ± 5 vs 26 ± 6 Kg/m2, PaCO2 34 ± 3 vs 35 ± 4 mmHg, respectivamente). Pacientes com VAL apresentaram índice de apnéia-hipopnéia (IAH) significativamente menor do que pacientes com ICC (10 ± 8 e 26 ± 25 eventos/hora, p=0,0179) e uma menor prevalência de apnéia do sono (IAH > 15 eventos/hora, 29% e 53%, p=0,0009). Dentre os pacientes com apnéia do sono, os pacientes com VAL apresentaram predominantemente AOS (60%) enquanto os pacientes com ICC apresentaram predominantemente ACS (89%, p < 0,0001).

Conclusões:

Pacientes com VAL e alta PCP e FE normal apresentam apnéia do sono menos grave e com excesso de eventos de origem obstrutiva quando comparados com pacientes com ICC. Congestão pulmonar e hipocapnia não explicam completamente a presença de ACS em pacientes com doenças cardíacas.
ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Central and obstructive sleep apnea (CSA and OSA, respectively) are common in patients with systolic congestive heart failure (ICC). However, several factors leading to respiratory instability, including low cardiac output, pulmonary congestion and hypocapnia co-exist in these patients. Patients with valvular heart disease (VAL) with high pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) but normal resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) may provide insights into the genesis of sleep apnea.

Objectives:

Compare sleep disordered breathing characteristics in patients with VAL and patients with ICC.

Methods:

Patients with VAL and PCWP > 12 mmHg and ICC were evaluated by awake arterial blood gas analysis, echocardiogram and overnight polysomnography.

Results:

Patients with VAL (n=17, PCP=24 ± 9 mmHg and LVEF=61 ± 6 %) and ICC (n=17, LVEF=31 ± 10 %) were similar for demographics and blood gases (age 46 ± 10 vs 47 ± 9, females 11 in both groups, body mass index 26 ± 5 Kg/m2 vs 26 ± 6, PaCO2 34 ± 3 vs 35 ± 4 mmHg, respectively). Patients with VAL as compared to patients with ICC presented significantly lower apnea hypopnea index (10 ± 8 vs 26 ± 25 events/hour, p=0.0179), a lower prevalence of sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index > 15 events/hour) 29% vs 53%, p=0.0009, and among patients with sleep apnea the nature was predominantly OSA (60%) while patients with ICC had predominantly CSA (89%, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Patients with VAL and high PCWP had a less severe sleep apnea and an excess of obstructive events when compared to patients ICC. Pulmonary congestion and hypocapnia do not completely explain CSA in patients with heart diseases.
Subject(s)
Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Sleep Wake Disorders / Cheyne-Stokes Respiration / Heart Valve Diseases Type of study: Etiology study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male Language: Portuguese Year: 2010 Type: Thesis

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Sleep Wake Disorders / Cheyne-Stokes Respiration / Heart Valve Diseases Type of study: Etiology study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male Language: Portuguese Year: 2010 Type: Thesis