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Prevalencia de lepra en Costa Rica, de 1998-2003 / Prevalence of leprosy in Costa Rica between 1998 and 2003
Espinoza Aguirre, Azálea.
  • Espinoza Aguirre, Azálea; Ministerio de Salud. Dirección de Vigilancia de la Salud. San José. CR
Rev. costarric. salud pública ; 16(31): 36-41, dic. 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-581641
RESUMEN
Se realizó un estudio de prevalencia de lepra durante el período 1998 al año 2003, con el objetivo de caracterizar la distribución de esta enfermedad en el país. Los casos fueron pacientes con un diagnóstico de lepra o enfermedad de Hansen confirmado por un médico, que estuviera consultando en los establecimientos de salud de la Caja Costarricense Seguro Social, CCSS, durante el período de estudio y pacientes que abandonaron el tratamiento sin curarse. Se excluyeron los casos curados, fallecidos y extranjeros no residentes en el país. Mediante búsqueda activa en la CCSS se identificaron los expedientes de los pacientes de 1998 al 2003 y los reportes de laboratorio de biopsia de piel y linfa cutánea confirmados por lepra. Del Ministerio de Salud, MS, se obtuvieron los casos notificados y del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos los datos de población. Se elaboró un formulario que incluyó variables clínicas, epidemiológicas, de laboratorio y socioeconómicas. El análisis se realizó según provincia, cantón, grupos de edad y sexo. Se calculó la tasa de prevalencia, de detección de casos y porcentajes. Se identificaron, 114 expedientes en los servicios de salud pero sólo 89 casos, que representaron una prevalencia de 0,3 casos por diez mil habitantes. La enfermedad afectó a los mayores de 15 años, y a los hombres un 65 por ciento, 58. Puntarenas presentó la prevalencia por provincia más alta 0,6X10000 habitantes, 23. Todos recibieron medicamentos para el tipo lepromatoso y en el Hospital San Juan de Dios se atendieron el 60 por ciento de ellos. El 28 por ciento reingresó a los servicios. Desde 1998, el MS no había realizado investigaciones epidemiológicas de los casos, ni seguimiento a sus contactos. El personal de los servicios de salud no cuenta con protocolos, ni normas de tratamiento clínico. Costa Rica eliminó la lepra como problema de salud pública, menos de 1 caso por diez mil habitantes, desde 1995...
ABSTRACT
A study of the prevalence of leprosy was conducted during the time period comprised between the years 1998 to 2003 with the purpose of characterizing the distribution of this illness in the country. Cases were those patients with a diagnosis of leprosy or Hansen´s disease confirmed by a physician which had consulted in the health establishments of the Costa Rican Social Security System (hereby, abbreviated as C.C.S.S.) during the study period as well as patients who abandoned treatment without having achieved a cure. Cases which were cured, who died or foreigners were excluded. By means of an active search in the CCSS, health records of patients between 1998 and 2003 were identified as well as their laboratory reports of skin biopsy and cutaneous lymph confirmatory of the diagnosis. Notified cases were obtained from the Ministry of Health and population data from the National Institute on Statistics and the Census. A form with clinical as well as epidemiological, laboratory and socio-economic variables was designed. Analysis was carried out by geographical area (both province as well as county), age groups and sex. A prevalence rate was calculated as well as a case-detection rate and the respective percentages. While 114 cases were identified in the health services, only 89 were included in our study which represents a prevalence of 0,3 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The illness affected mainly those older than 15 years of age; 65 percent of the cases were male. The province of Puntarenas showed the highest prevalence with 0,6 per 10,000 inhabitants. All these patients received treatment for the lepromatous type of leprosy and the San Juan de Dios Hospital took care of 60% of them. 28% of the cases relapsed...
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Prevalence / Leprosy Type of study: Diagnostic study / Practice guideline / Prevalence study / Prognostic study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Central America / Costa Rica Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. costarric. salud pública Journal subject: Public Health Year: 2007 Type: Article Affiliation country: Costa Rica Institution/Affiliation country: Ministerio de Salud/CR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Prevalence / Leprosy Type of study: Diagnostic study / Practice guideline / Prevalence study / Prognostic study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Central America / Costa Rica Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. costarric. salud pública Journal subject: Public Health Year: 2007 Type: Article Affiliation country: Costa Rica Institution/Affiliation country: Ministerio de Salud/CR