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Trastorno bipolar y trastorno explosivo intermitente: error diagnóstico a propósito de dos casos clínicos / Bipolar disorders and intermittent explosive disorder: diagnostic error in two clinical cases
Martínez A., Juan Carlos; Correa D., Eduardo.
  • Martínez A., Juan Carlos; Clínica Reñaca. Departamento de Psiquiatría. Viña del Mar. CL
  • Correa D., Eduardo; Clínica Reñaca. Departamento de Psiquiatria. Viña del Mar. CL
Trastor. ánimo ; 5(2): 109-121, jul.-dec. 2009. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-583481
ABSTRACT
Many bipolar patients, adolescents in particular, present with irritable mania rather than euphoric mania, which usually tends to be intense, persistent, and often violent. Their interepisode state, between one outburst and the next, has been described as permanent irritability and rage. These phenomenological characteristics tend to complicate the diagnostic process. In fact, in a youngster, the first bipolar episode, be it manic or depressive, may be mislabeled as a tempestuous reaction of puberty, as an adaptive behavioral reaction, or as a borderline personality disorder. Irritability, as a clinical manifestation, is a valuable tool in the process of bipolar disorder recognition. This notwithstanding, its presence may misleadingly result in diagnostic errors and false-positive judgments. It may make us miss a less-frequently diagnosed and recognized entity like intermittent explosive disorder, which, like bipolarity in the adolescent, counts irritability among its core symptoms. Differential diagnosis between these two clinical entities, however, is often possible on the basis of differing clinical phenomenology. This paper’s aim is to present two cases that illustrate diagnostic pitfalls between bipolar disorder and intermittent explosive disorder, highlighting the clinical and phenomenological differences between the two diagnostic entities.
RESUMEN
Muchos pacientes bipolares, principalmente adolescentes, presentan una manía irritable más que eufórica la cual acostumbra a ser muy intensa, persistente y a menudo violenta. Su estado entre una explosión y otra es descrito como irritabilidad e ira permanentes. Toda esta fenomenología suele dificultar el diagnóstico. De hecho, en un menor, el primer episodio de un trastorno bipolar, sea maníaco o depresivo, puede confundirse con una reacción tempestuosa de la pubertad, con una reacción adaptativa de tipo conductual o con un trastorno límite de la personalidad. La irritabilidad ha cobrado un importante valor para el clínico en el reconocimiento del trastorno bipolar. Sin embargo, ante su presencia engañosamente podríamos cometer errores y falsos positivos, olvidándonos de un cuadro poco diagnosticado y reconocido como el trastorno explosivo intermitente cuyo eje central, tal como en la bipolaridad del adolescente es la irritabilidad, aunque difieren en cuanto a su fenomenología, la que permite discernir entre ambas patologías. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar dos casos de error diagnóstico entre trastorno bipolar y trastorno explosivo intermitente, discutiendo los autores las diferencias clínicas y fenomenológicas entre uno y otro.
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Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Bipolar Disorder / Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders Type of study: Diagnostic study / Qualitative research Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Humans / Male Language: Spanish Journal: Trastor. ánimo Journal subject: Psychology Year: 2009 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Clínica Reñaca/CL

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Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Bipolar Disorder / Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders Type of study: Diagnostic study / Qualitative research Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Humans / Male Language: Spanish Journal: Trastor. ánimo Journal subject: Psychology Year: 2009 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Clínica Reñaca/CL