Grasa epicárdica e insulinorresistencia. Nuestros primeros resultados / Epicardium fat and insulin-resistance: Our first results

RESUMEN

La grasa epicárdica evaluada mediante ecocardiografía refleja claramente el grado de adiposidad visceral más que el de obesidad general y ha sido recientemente reconocida como una fuente de moléculas bioactivas, ácidos grasos libres, adiponectina y citocinas inflamatorias, por lo que desempeña un papel fundamental en las enfermedades cardiovasculares, con una relación directa con el grado de insulinorresistencia en la población general. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la utilidad de la evaluación ecocardiográfica de la grasa epicárdica como predictor de riesgo de insulinorresistencia. Otras variables estudiadas fueron edad, sexo, antecedentes patológicos personales de tabaquismo, dislipidemia e hipertensión arterial y familiares con diabetes mellitus; antropométricas (circunferencia de la cintura, cociente cintura/cadera, índice de masa corporal), y hemoquímicas (glucosa e insulina en ayunas, colesterol total, triglicéridos, HDL-c). La media de grasa epicárdica fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes con HOMA-IR>2,6 (p=0,001), con sensibilidad y especificidad aceptables en su asociación a insulinorresistencia para valores de corte de grasa epicárdica ³ 3,5 mm

ABSTRACT

The epicardial fat evaluated by echocardiography clearly reflects the grade of visceral adiposity more than general obesity, and it has been recently recognizedas a source of bioactive molecules as well as free fatty acids,adiponectin, and inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, it plays a fundamental role in the cardiovascular diseases, with a direct relationship with insulin resistance in the general population. The objective of this study was to determine the utility of the echocardiography evaluation of the epicardial fat as a risk predictor of insulin resistance. Fifty patients were divided in two groups according to the diagnosis of insulin resistance (n=25 respectively). Each subject underwent a transthoracicechocardiogram to evaluate epicardial adipose tissue thickness, as well as both fasting glucose and insulin to determine the HOMA-IR (gold standard for the diagnosis of insulin resistance). Other studied variables were age, sex, personal history of smoke, dislipidemie and hypertension and family history of diabetes mellitus, anthropometric measurements as waist and hip circumferences, waist /hip ratio and body mass index , by other hand were also measured the fasting glucose and insulin and serum lipids levels as total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-c. The epicardial fat media thickness was significantly higher in patients with HOMA-IR>2.6 (p=0.001), with acceptable sensibility and specificity in the association to insulin resistance for cut off values of epicardial fat ³ 3.5 mm