Diversificación y desarrollo tecnológico de hongos comestibles cultivados en Chile / Diversification and technological development of edible mushroom cultivated in Chile

RESUMEN

La finalidad de este trabajo fue la obtención de basidiocarpos (setas), por lo cual se diversificó el cultivo de hongos comestibles Basidiomycetes, siguiendo los objetivos del proyecto FONDEF D05I10196. Para ello, se utilizaron diferentes sustratos agronómicos y forestales sin valor comercial (paja de trigo, aserrines, astillas de maderas, etc.). Partidas del respectivo sustrato fueron pasteurizadas por 3 horas, luego en forma independiente se depositaron en bolsas de nylon (7 K) y se sembraron con la ®semilla¼ del hongo a ensayar, las bolsas fueron incubadas hasta la obtención de basidiocarpos. Se obtuvieron fructificaciones de Agrocybe aegerita en aserrín de álamo (pero no el de pino), Flammulina velutipes y Hericium erinaceum en aserrín de Nothofagus spp. y paja de trigo y Pholiota nameko en aserrín de pino y astillas de pino.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this paper was to get basidiocarps (mushrooms) that is why the culture of edible Basidiomycete mushrooms became diversified according to the objectives of FONDEF D05110196 project. To achieve this, different agronomic and forest substrate lacking any commercial value (wheat straw, wood sawdusts, chips etc. were used. Pieces of the corresponding substratum were pasteurized for 3h, then they were deposited separatedly (independently) in 7-kg polyethylene bags and they were later on sowed with the ®seed¼ of the fungi under test; bags were incubated until the basidiocarp appearance. Fructifications of Agrocybe aegerita in poplar sawdust (yet not in pine chips), Flammulina velutipes and Hericium erinaceum in Nothofagus spp. sawdust and wheat straw as well as Pholiota nameko in pine sawdust and pine chips were obtained.