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Meningitis tuberculosa: claves para su diagnóstico y propuestas terapéuticas / Tuberculous meningitis: tips for diagnosis and proposals for treatment
Lasso B, Martín.
  • Lasso B, Martín; Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero Del Río. Unidad de Infectología. CL
Rev. chil. infectol ; 28(3): 238-247, jun. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597594
ABSTRACT
Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is always a challenge. We must give importance for duration of clinical manifestations. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has own characteristic and it have to be control several times during the treatment. Adenosin deaminase with cut off more than 15 UI/mL and M. tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction in CSF are the most relevant diagnostic tests. Radiologic test gives diagnostic clues but do not confirm the diagnosis. In the future we can structure a score with all these elements to support the clinician in the diagnostic process. The treatment of TBM because of its high morbidity and high mortality has to be necessarily more intensive and prolonged and we must select drugs with a good penetration into the central nervous system (SNC). A therapeutic scheme with duration of 12 months with two phases is proposed, the diary phase during the first three months of treatment includes isoniacid, rifampicin, pirazinamid and ethambutol or moxifloxacin. Streptomycin must not be included due to own erratic SNC penetration and its known toxicity. The second twice a week phase has to be changed by a three times per week phase during 9 months and it must include isoniacid, rifampicin and pirazinamide. Dexamethasone is added during the first 6 weeks of treatment. Patients with HIV infection than required treatment with antiretroviral drugs have to start ART treatment when diary phase has finished and must not include protease or integrase inhibitors.
RESUMEN
El diagnóstico de la meningitis tuberculosa (MTBC) es siempre un desafío. Debemos dar importancia a las manifestaciones clínicas y su duración. El análisis citoquímico del LCR tiene características propias y debe ser controlado varias veces durante el tratamiento. La adenosin deami-nasa con punto de corte > 15 UI/mL y la RPC para M. tuberculosis en LCR son las pruebas más relevantes. Las imágenes aportan elementos valiosos pero no establecen el diagnóstico por si solas. A futuro se puede estructurar un puntaje con todos estos elementos para apoyar al clínico en el proceso diagnóstico. El tratamiento de la MTBC, dada su alta morbilidad y mortalidad, necesariamente debe ser más intensivo y prolongado, y debemos seleccionar fármacos con buena penetración en el SNC. Se propone un esquema de 12 meses. La fase diaria debería durar tres meses e incluir isoniacida, rifampicina, pirazinamida y etambutol o moxifloxacina. Estreptomicina no debería ser incluida dada su mala penetración en el SNC y reconocida toxicidad. La fase de mantención debería ser trisemanal e incluir isoniacida, rifampicina y pirazinamida. Dexa-metasona debe administrarse durante las primeras seis semanas de tratamiento. En el caso de pacientes con infección por VIH que requieran iniciar TARV ésta debe ser aplazada para después de la fase diaria y no debería incluir inhibidores de proteasa e integrasa.
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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Tuberculosis, Meningeal / Antitubercular Agents Type of study: Diagnostic study / Practice guideline Limits: Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. infectol Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2011 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero Del Río/CL

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Tuberculosis, Meningeal / Antitubercular Agents Type of study: Diagnostic study / Practice guideline Limits: Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. infectol Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2011 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero Del Río/CL