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Ectoparasitosis de importancia en Chile: Epidemiología y terapia / Ectoparasitosis of clinical importance in Chile
Moreno M, Claudia.
  • Moreno M, Claudia; Universidad de Chile. Departamento de Microbiología. CL
Rev. chil. infectol ; 28(5): 435-439, oct. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-603083
ABSTRACT
Several parasitic diseases affect the skin and appendages in humans, the most common are head lice and scabies. Both diseases have worldwide distribution with geographical variations. In Chile, the reported prevalence of head lice is 20-25 percent and of scabies 1-5 percent. Other ectoparasites include fleas and mite, causing transient parasitosis related to human and animal contact. These parasites are associated with various factors such as poor personal hygiene, promiscuity, long hair, crowding, and sharing of combs, among others. Various effective pharmacological therapies are available, which base on several active compounds. Important therapeutic options include topical treatments with pyrethroids, lindane, crotamiton, and malathion as well as oral medications such as ivermectin, which is used in case of drug intolerance, poor treatment response, infections with multiple parasites or concomitant bacterial infections. For some drugs, resistance has been reported in patients received multiple dosis.
RESUMEN
Existen varias enfermedades parasitarias capaces de comprometer piel y fanéreos en el humano, siendo los más frecuentes la pediculosis y la escabiosis. Ambas enfermedades tienen distribución mundial variable según la localidad. En Chile, se describe una prevalencia de pediculosis capitis cercana a 20-25 por ciento y de escabiosis, entre 1 y 5 por ciento. Otras ectoparasitosis son la pulicosis y la acarosis, parasitosis transitorias relacionadas al contacto humano y animal. Estos agentes se asocian a diversos factores entre los que se encuentran escasa higiene personal, promiscuidad, uso de cabello largo, hacinamiento, intercambio de peines, entre otros. Las terapias farmacológicas disponibles son variadas y eficaces. Hay diversos compuestos activos entre los que destacan tratamientos tópicos como derivados piretroides, lindano, crotamitón y malatión; y medicamentos orales como ivermectina, utilizada en casos de mala tolerancia, escasa respuesta a tratamiento tópico, infestación múltiple o infección bacteriana concomitante. Se ha descrito resistencia a algunos compuestos en pacientes que han recibido múltiples dosis.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Lice Infestations / Scabies Type of study: Diagnostic study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: South America / Chile Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. infectol Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2011 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad de Chile/CL

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Lice Infestations / Scabies Type of study: Diagnostic study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: South America / Chile Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. infectol Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2011 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad de Chile/CL