Fenomenologia do estigma em HIV/AIDS: coestigma / Phenomenology of stigma in HIV/AIDS: co-stigma

RESUMO

Como parte dos resultados de uma pesquisa fenomenológica longitudinal sobre a experiência vivida do estigma em HIV/AIDS no Nordeste do Brasil, surgiu um tema emergente que denominamos “coestigma”. Como um desdobramento daquela pesquisa, objetivou-se com este estudo compreender as implicações no doente da experiência vivida do “coestigma” pelas pessoas que convivem ele. A metodologia utilizada compreendeu a re-análise, segundo o método fenomenológico crítico, de 82 entrevistas realizadas na pesquisa anterior. Os resultados mostram que as pessoas que convivem intimamente com o infectado pelo vírus sofrem tanto com a possibilidade de serem estigmatizados quanto com o “coestigma” já instalado, direta ou indiretamente, gerando formas adicionais de sofrimento ao doente que permeiam a experiência de adoecer com HIV/AIDS.

ABSTRACT

As part of the results of a phenomenological longitudinal research about the lived experience of stigma in Northeast Brazil, an emerging theme appeared and was named “co-stigma”. As a continuity of that previous research, this study has the objective to understand the implications, on the ill person, of the lived experience of “co-stigma” suffered by the persons who share an intimate life with him or her. The methodology applied was the re-analysis of 82 interview transcriptions done during the previous research, according to the Critical Phenomenological Method. The results show that people who share an intimate life with those who are infected with HIV/AIDS suffer both from the fear to become stigmatized and the “co-stigma” already present, direct or indirectly, creating additional forms of suffering to the infected person, as part of the lived experience of becoming ill with HIV/AIDS.