Consumo y dependencia al tabaco como factor asociado a la tuberculosis pulmonar / Consumption and dependence to the tobacco like factor associated with the pulmonary tuberculosis

RESUMEN

Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre el consumo y dependencia al tabaco como factor asociado a la tuberculosis pulmonar. Material y método: estudio analítico, retrospectivo de casos y controles, con pacientes registrados en la Estrategia Sanitaria Nacional de Prevención y Control de la Tuberculosis (ESN-PCT) de dos centros de salud DISA V Lima- Ciudad. La muestra estuvo conformada por 35 pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar (casos) y 70 sintomáticos respiratorios (controles), fueron incluidos pacientes de ambos sexos que se encontraban dentro de los 6 meses del esquema I y sintomáticos respiratorios que tuvieron baciloscopía negativa. Para la recolección de datos se usó una ficha sociodemográfica, se aplicó la prueba de Fagerstrõm y se solicitó la participación mediante el consentimiento informado. Resultados: se halló que 94,3% (casos) y 90,0% (controles), respondió que alguna vez en su vida habían fumado, de ellos el 65,7% (casos) y el 64,3% (controles) fumó durante los últimos 30 días. A su vez que el mayor porcentaje en casos asociado con la dependencia a la nicotina moderado-severa fue 51,4%. Conclusiones: las personas que consumen cigarro tienen mayor posibilidad de contraer la enfermedad y que la dependencia a este se considera factor asociado a la tuberculosis pulmonar porque el odds ratio es significativo. Con mayor predominancia en el sexo masculino entre los 18 a 40 años.

ABSTRACT

Objective: Was to determine the association between snuff use and dependence as a factor associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. Material and methods: Analytical, Case-control retrospective, with patients enrolled in the Health Strategy for Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis (ESN-PCT) from two health centers DISA V Lima-City. The sample consisted of 35 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (cases) and 70 with respiratory symptoms (controls) were included patients of both sexes who were within six months of Schedule I and respiratory symptoms who were smear negative. For data collection will use a demographic sheet, we apply the Fagerstrõm test and asked to participate through informed consent. In terms of results it was found that smoking was answered affirmatively. Results: By 94.3% (cases) and 90.0% (control), once in his life smoked, of whom 65.7% (cases) and 64.3 % (controls) smoked during the past 30 days. At the same time that the greatest percentage of cases associated with nicotine dependence was moderate-severe 51.4%. Conclusion: That people who consume cigarettes are more likely to contract the disease and that this dependence is considered factor associated with pulmonary tuberculosis because the odds ratio is significant. With higher predominance of males between 18-40 years.