Prevalencia de riesgo de trastornos de comportamiento alimentario en una población femenina de estudiantes de secundaria, Manizales, Colombia, 2011 / Prevalence of risk of eating disorders in a female population of high school students, Manizales, Colombia, 2011

RESUMEN

Objetivo: determinar la presencia del factor de riesgo (positivo o negativo) para trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) según el cuestionario EDI-2, y factores asociados en población de niñas escolarizadas de la ciudad de Manizales, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal en el que se aplicó la encuesta Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2) a estudiantes de tres colegios privados femeninos de la ciudad de Manizales. Criterios de inclusión pertenecer a octavo, noveno, décimo y undécimo grado. Firma de consentimiento informado. Tamaño muestral 481 estudiantes; muestreo de los colegios y los estudiantes probabilístico estratificado por institución y grado. Variables medidas sociodemográficas, Apgar familiar y medidas antropométricas; las subescalas contenidas en el EDI2 son impulso a la delgadez, bulimia, insatisfacción corporal, inefectividad, perfeccionismo, desconfianza interpersonal, conciencia interoceptiva, miedo a la madurez, ascetismo, regulación de impulsos e inseguridad social. El resultado se expresa como factor de riesgo positivo o negativo para trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Es positivo si la subescala impulso a la delgadez tiene un valor mayor de 14. Análisis medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para variables continuas, proporciones para variables categóricas. Resultados: se encontró que el 24,7% de la población presentó factor de riesgo positivo según el cuestionario EDI-2 para desarrollar TCA, además se encontraron los siguientes factores asociados consumo de alcohol (p = 0,002), antecedentes familiares de TCA (p = 0,000), percepción de sobrepeso (p = 0,000), funcionalidad familiar (0,000), índice de masa corporal (p = 0,032), y todas las medidas antropométricas excepto talla.Conclusiones: la prevalencia de factor de riesgo para trastornos de la conducta alimentaria detectada en este estudio muestra que dichos trastornos siguen siendo un grave problema en las adolescentes colombianas.

ABSTRACT

Objective: determining the presence of eating behavior disorders (EBD) as a high risk factor (positive or negative) according to the EDI-2 questionnaire and associated factors in three schoolgirl populations in the city of Manizales, Colombia. Materials and methods: this was cross-sectional study in which students from three private all-girls schools in the city of Manizales filled in the eating disorder inventory (EDI-2) questionnaire. The inclusion criteria involved being in the 8th, 9th, 10thor 11th grades (i.e. aged around 14-19). Informed consent forms were signed. . Sample size was 481 students; schools and students were probabilistically sampled and stratified by institution and grade. The variables measured were sociodemographic; family Apgar and anthropometric measurements were taken. The EDI-2 subscales used were drive for thinness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction, ineffectiveness, perfectionism, interpersonal distrust, introspective awareness, fear of maturity, asceticism, regulation of impulsiveness and social insecurity. The result was expressed as a risk factor for positive or negative eating behavior disorders; this was positive if the drive for thinness subscale had a value greater than 14. Analysis involved measures of central tendency and dispersion for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables. Results: it was found that 24.7% of the study population had a positive risk factor for developing EBD according to the EDI-2 questionnaire. The following factors were found to be associated with an EBD alcohol consumption (p=0.002), a family background of EBD (p=0.000), perception of being overweight (p=0.000), family functionality (p=0.000), body mass index (p=0.032) and practically all the anthropometric measurements, except size. Conclusions: the prevalence of risk factors for eating behavior disorders detected in this study showed that EBD continues to be a serious problem in female colombian adolescents.