Processamento cognitivo e equilíbrio corporal em idosos com disfunção vestibular / Cognitive processing and body balance in elderly subjects with vestibular dysfunction

RESUMO

Idosos com disfunção vestibular crônica podem apresentar alteração do equilíbrio corporal e disfunção cognitiva. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação entre o processamento cognitivo e o equilíbrio corporal de idosos com vestibulopatia periférica crônica. Forma de Estudo Transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: O estudo incluiu 76 pacientes (> 60 anos), com disfunção vestibular periférica crônica, com queixa de tontura há mais de três meses. Os testes utilizados para investigar o equilíbrio corporal foram Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) e Timed Up Go Test modificado (TUGTm) e para a avaliação cognitiva utilizou-se Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), Teste do Relógio (TR) e Teste de Fluência Verbal (FV). RESULTADOS: A média etária dos pacientes foi de 69,03 anos (DP=6,21 anos), sendo a maioria feminina (82,9%). Observou-se correlação negativa significante entre o MEEM e TUGT (ρ=-0,312; p=0,01), MEEM e TUGTm (ρ=-0,306; p=0,01), FV e TUGT (ρ=-0,346; p=0,01) e FV e TUGTm (ρ=-0,536; p=0,01); e correlação positiva significante entre TR e BBS (ρ=0,343; p=0,01), TR e DGI (ρ=0,298; p=0,01), FV e BBS (ρ=0,299; p=0,01), e FV e DGI (ρ=0,306; p=0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Idosos com vestibulopatia periférica crônica com pior desempenho no equilíbrio corporal funcional apresentam prejuízo nas habilidades cognitivas.

ABSTRACT

Abnormal body balance and cognitive dysfunction may develop in elderly patients with chronic vestibular dysfunction. AIM: To evaluate the relationship between cognitive processing and body balance in elderly patients with chronic peripheral vestibular disease. Type of Study Cross-sectional. METHODS: Seventy-six patients (> 60 years) with chronic peripheral vestibular dysfunction and dizziness for more than three months were enrolled. The tests for investigating body balance were the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) Timed Up and Go Test modified (TUGTm); the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Test Clock (RT,) and Verbal Fluency Test (VF) were applied for assessing cognition. RESULTS: The mean age was 69.03 years (SD=6.21 years); most were female (82.9%). There was a significant negative correlation between the MMSE and the TUGT (ρ=-0.312; p=0.01), MMSE and TUGTm (ρ=-0.306; p=0.01), FV and TUGT (ρ=-0.346; p=0.01), and FV and TUGTm (ρ=-0.536; p=0.01); there was a significant positive correlation between the TR and BBS (ρ=0.343; p=0.01), TR and DGI (ρ=0.298; p=0.01), FV and BBS (ρ=0.299; p=0.01), and FV and DGI (ρ=0.306; p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients with chronic peripheral vestibular disease and worse performance in body balance tests have functional impairment in cognitive skills.