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Expresión emocional en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria: alexitimia y asertividad / Emotional expression in eating disorders: alexithymia and assertiveness
Behar A, Rosa.
  • Behar A, Rosa; Universidad de Valparaíso. Departamento de Psiquiatría. CL
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 49(4): 338-346, dic. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627271
RESUMEN
Antecedentes: La alexitimia y falta de asertividad son características comunes en los trastornos alimentarios (TCA) e interfieren en la expresión emocional. Objetivo: Determinar presencia de alexitimia y asertividad en subtipos de TCA. Método: A108 mujeres con TCA (28 anorécticas, 36 con TCA no especificados (TCANE) y 44 bulímicas) se les aplicó el Test de Actitudes Alimentarias (EAT-40), el Inventario de Desórdenes Alimentarios (EDI), las Escalas de Alexitimia de Toronto (TAS-20) y de Asertividad de Rathus (RAS). Resultados: Todos los subgrupos alcanzaron puntajes en rango de alexitimia, especialmente las anorécticas (57,1%) siendo el más alto (52,9 ± 14,3), aunque no estadísticamente significativo (NS). Las bulímicas mostraron mayor dificultad para discriminar señales emocionales (23,3 ± 8,7) y las anorécticas pensamientos más orientados hacia detalles externos (15,1 ± 7,1) (NS). Las bulímicas alcanzaron puntajes negativos (-0,6 ± 25,8) en RAS, principalmente más conductas sumisas y dependientes (-2,6 ± 7,4) (NS). En subgrupos bulímico (r = 0,795; p < 0,001) y TCANE (r = 0,623; p < 0,001), a menor nivel de consciencia interoceptiva, hubo mayor dificultad para discriminar señales emocionales. A mayor desconfianza interpersonal en subgrupos anoréctico (r = 0,617;p = 0,001) y con TCANE (r = 0,590; p < 0,001), hubo mayor dificultad en expresar verbalmente emociones; con una mayor dificultad en discriminar señales emocionales se observó más conductas deficitarias en las bulímicas (r = -0,715; p < 0,001; r = 0,707; p < 0,001) y sentimientos de ineficacia personal en las anorécticas (r = 0,593; p = 0,001). Conclusiones: Se verificó la presencia de alexitimia y falta de asertividad en todos los subgrupos de TCA. Las más alexitímicas fueron las anorécticas y las menos asertivas, las bulímicas, que mostraron mayor dificultad para identificar sentimientos y las anorécticas para describirlos.
ABSTRACT
Background: Alexithymia and lack of assertiveness are common characteristics eating disorders disorders (ED) and interfere in emotional expression. Aim: To assess the presence ofalexithymia and assertiveness in different subtypes of ED. Method: The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40), the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and Rathus Assertiveness Schedule) (RAS) were administered to 108 ED patients (28 anorectics, 36 with ED not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and 44 bulimics). Results: All the subgroups scored within the pathological range of alexithymia, especially anorexics (57.1%), the highest (52.9 ± 14.3), although not statistically significant (NS). Bulimics showed more difficulty to discriminate emotional signals (23.3 ± 8.7) and anorexics more thoughts oriented to external details (15.1 ± 7.1) (NS). Bulimics scored negative in RAS (-0.6 ± 25.8), mainly exhibiting more submissive and dependant behaviors (-2.6 ± 7.4) (NS). In bulimic (r = 0.795; p < 0.001) and EDNOS (r = 0.623; p < 0.001) subgroups, the lower interoceptive consciousness, the more difficulty to discriminate emotional signals were observed. The higher interpersonal distrust in anorexic (r = 0.617;p = 0.001) and EDNOS subgroups (r = 0.590;p < 0.001), the more difficulty to express emotions verbally; the more difficulty to discriminate emotional signals, the more deficit behaviors in bulimics (r = -0.715; p < 0.001; r = 0.707; p < 0.001) and ineffectiveness in anorexics (r = 0.593; p = 0.001) were observed. Conclusions: The presence of alexithymia and lack of assertiveness in all the ED subgroups were verified. The most alexiyhimic were the anorexics and bulimics were less assertive and showed more difficulty to identify emotions and anorexics to describe them.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Assertiveness / Feeding and Eating Disorders / Affective Symptoms / Eating / Emotions Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Female / Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr Journal subject: Neurology / Psychiatry Year: 2011 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad de Valparaíso/CL

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Assertiveness / Feeding and Eating Disorders / Affective Symptoms / Eating / Emotions Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Female / Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr Journal subject: Neurology / Psychiatry Year: 2011 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad de Valparaíso/CL