Percepción de las relaciones familiares y malestar psicológico en adolescentes embarazadas / Family relationship's perception and psychological discomfort in pregnant teenagers

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre la percepción de las relaciones familiares y el malestar psicológico en adolescentes embarazadas. Material y métodos: El malestar psicológico se evaluó aplicando el Cuestionario General de Salud de Goldberg a 213 adolescentes embarazadas primigestas, con 17 años de edad o menos. El criterio para "caso probable" de malestar psicológico fue a partir de un puntaje de 8 o más. La percepción de las relaciones familiares se evaluó con un cuestionario que exploró cuatro aspectos: dinámica familiar, relación entre los padres, relación con la madre y con el padre. Resultados: En los casos con malestar psicológico, se observó una asociación de dependencia con la percepción de las relaciones familiares: dinámica familiar de mala a regular (p < 0.001); relación disarmónica entre los padres (p = 0.006); relación regular con la madre (p = 0.018); y, relación con el padre de mala a muy mala (p = 0.008). Para los no casos, la dependencia se estableció en: dinámica familiar de buena a excelente (p < 0.001) y la relación con el padre de buena a muy buena (p = 0.018). Conclusiones: La percepción de la dinámica familiar, la relación entre los padres, y las relaciones afectivas con la madre y el padre, se asociaron directamente con la presencia de malestar psicológico.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To establish the relationship between family relationship's perception and the psychological malaise in pregnant teenagers. Material and methods: Psychological malaise was evaluated using Goldberg's general health questionnaire on 213, seventeen-year-old or younger first pregnancy teenagers, basing the criteria on a score of 8 or more for a "probable case" of psychological malaise. The notion about the family's relationship was evaluated by a questionnaire that measured four aspects: family dynamics, the relationship between the parents and the relationship with the mother and with the father. Results: There were statistically significant differences when the Chi Square Test was used on the proposed comparisons. When there was a psychological malaise, we noticed a dependency when the family's relationship ranged from average to negative (a .000); when the relationship between parents was not harmonious (a .006); the relationship with the mother was average (a 0.018); and the relationship with the father, from negative to extremely negative (a 0.008). For the no cases, dependency was established as a: familiar dynamics ranging from good to excellent (a .000) and the relationship with the father, from good to very good (a .018). Conclusions: The family's dynamics perception, the relationship between the parents and the sentimental relationship with mother and father is associated with a psychological malaise. If the familiar dynamics is perceived with a range from bad to average, then the perception of relation with the father and the mother was perceived to range from very bad to average, contrasting with the perception from good to excellent, then the perception of the relationship with both ranges from good to very good.