Asociación entre títulos de anticuerpos anticardiolipinas y eventos trombóticos / Association between anticardiolipin titles and thrombotic events

RESUMEN

Introducción: la trombosis es la manifestación principal del síndrome antifosfolípido (SAF); los marcadores serológicos de esta entidad son los anticuerpos anticardiolipinas (aCL), la anti-β2 glicoproteína 1 y el anticoagulante lúpico. Aún se discute si los títulos de aCL o la presencia de un "segundo hit" son factores de riesgo para trombosis. Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre fenómenos trombóticos vasculares con la presencia y los títulos de aCL; además del papel de otros factores protrombóticos. Material y método: estudio descriptivo transversal. Se revisaron historias clínicas de pacientes con sospecha clínica de SAF y con al menos una medición de títulos de aCL, se evaluó la presencia o no de eventos trombóticos y de comorbilidades (segundo hit). Resultados: historias clínicas de 49 pacientes, 33 con un total de 36 eventos trombóticos de los cuales 23 ocurrieron en lechos venosos y 13 en lechos arteriales. Aunque la mayoría de los pacientes con títulos de aCL > 20 GLP o MLP se encontraban en el grupo de trombosis, no se encontró asociación significativa entre la presencia de trombosis y los títulos de aCL; como tampoco entre trombosis y la existencia de otras comorbilidades. Conclusiones: los hallazgos encontrados permiten sugerir la mayor frecuencia de eventos trombóticos en pacientes con títulos de aCL < 40 en dos mediciones y aportan información sobre las características clínicas de los pacientes con aCL y sospecha de SAF en nuestro medio; sin embargo, no son suficientes para categorizarlos como un factor de riesgo definitivo de trombosis.

ABSTRACT

Background: thrombosis is the main clinical manifestation of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS); anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), anti-β2 glycoprotein-1 antibodies and lupus anticoagulant are the serological markers of the disease. Whether the titles of aCL or the presence of a "second hit" are risk factors for thrombosis is an unresolved issue. Objective: to evaluate the association between vascular thrombotic events with the presence of aCL. The relationship between thrombosis and the titles of aCL, as well as other prothrombotic factors was also assessed. Methodology: descriptive cross-sectional study. The clinical charts of patients with possible APS and at least one laboratory measurement of aCL were reviewed. The presence of thrombotic events and the existence of comorbid states (second hit) were also evaluated. Results: the records of 49 patients were assessed, 33 with a total of 36 thrombotic events, 23 had occurred on veins, and 13 on arteries. Though the majority of the patients that had titles of aCL above of 20 GPL or MPL were located in the group of thrombosis, there was no significant association between the titles of aCL and the presence of thrombosis. Neither significant association was found between thrombosis and the presence of other comorbid states. Conclusions: these findings allow suggesting the increased frequency of thrombotic events in patients with titers of aCL lower than 40 twice and also add information about the clinical characteristics of patients with aCL and suspected APS in our region; however, they are not enough to categorize them as a definitive risk factor of thrombosis.