Physical factors and their influence on fish species composition in Asa Lake, Ilorin, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The effect of physical factors on fish species composition was studied during 12 months in Asa Lake, Nigeria. Fish and water samples were collected bimonthly (March 2003 to February 2004) in the morning. Fish samples were caught with gill nets set at the surface and bottom habitats. There were 11 fish families and 21 species. Osteoglossidae, Anabantidae, Channidae, Schilbedae and Cyprinidae were rare and occurred seasonally in fishermen catches, while Mormyridae, Cichlidae, Mochokidae, Characidae, Bagridae and Clariidae showed less variation and were more common. Characidae and Cichlidae were the most abundant (23.0 and 18.6% respectively) while Osteoglossidae, Channidae and Anabantidae were the least (1.7, 2.1 and 2.3% respectively). Clariidae and Mormyridae had the highest weight with 16.0% and 12.3% respectively, while Anabantidae had the lowest (3.4%). Surface water temperatures were generally higher than air temperatures during the afternoon, except from January to March when air temperatures were high (28.1 to 28.7 ºC) due to low relative humidity (39 to 70%). In the morning, surface water temperatures (25.5 to 26.3 ºC) became higher than air temperatures (25.2 to 26.0 ºC) from May to December, when relative humidity values were also high (50 to 88%). The differences between surface and bottom water temperatures was generally higher (0.7 to 3.1 ºC; P < 0.05) in the afternoon (0.2 to 0.8 ºC) due to sunlight. Temperature differences in the surface and bottom waters were usually higher during the dry season (P < 0.05), for similar reasons. Captures were higher in the dry season when the fish concentrated in the warmer, steadier and scarcer water. Minimal and maximal temperatures were different for surface and bottom waters (P < 0.05). However, there were no marked variations in temperature patterns or species distribution. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 167-175. Epub 2009 June 30.

RESUMEN

Estudié la composición de especies de peces y las temperaturas durante 12 meses en el lago Asa, Nigeria. Recolecté muestras de peces y de agua bimestralmente en la mañana, de marzo 2003 a febrero 2004. Los peces (11 familias y 21 especies) fueron capturados con atarrayas en la superficie y el fondo. Osteoglossidae, Anabantidae, Channidae, Schilbedae y Cyprinidae fueron raras y aparecieron estacionalmente en las capturas de pescadores, mientras que Mormyridae, Cichlidae, Mochokidae, Characidae, Bagridae y Clariidae mostraron menos variación y fueron más comunes. Las familias Characidae y Cichlidae fueron las más abundantes (23.0 y 18.6% respectivamente) mientras Osteoglossidae, Channidae y Anabantidae fueron las más escasas (1.7, 2.1 y 2.3% respectivamente). Clariidae y Mormyridae tuvieron el peso más alto con 16.0% y 12.3% respectivamente, mientras que Anabantidae fue la más baja, con 3.4%. La estación seca correspondió con capturas altas al concentrarse los peces en el agua más cálida, estable y escasa. Las temperaturas mínimas y máximas fueron diferentes en las aguas superficiales y del fondo (P < 0.05). No obstante, no hubo variaciones marcadas en el patrón de temperatura y distribución de peces.