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Prevalência e desfechos clínicos de infecções em UTIs brasileiras: subanálise do estudo EPIC II / Prevalence and outcomes of infections in Brazilian ICUs: a subanalysis of EPIC II study
Silva, Eliézer; Dalfior Junior, Luiz; Fernandes, Haggéas da Silveira; Moreno, Rui; Vincent, Jean-Louis.
  • Silva, Eliézer; Université Libre de Bruxelles. Department of Intensive Care. BE
  • Dalfior Junior, Luiz; Université Libre de Bruxelles. Department of Intensive Care. BE
  • Fernandes, Haggéas da Silveira; Université Libre de Bruxelles. Department of Intensive Care. BE
  • Moreno, Rui; Université Libre de Bruxelles. Department of Intensive Care. BE
  • Vincent, Jean-Louis; Université Libre de Bruxelles. Department of Intensive Care. BE
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 24(2): 143-150, abr.-jun. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-644644
RESUMO

OBJETIVO:

Demonstrar as taxas de prevalência de infecção em unidades de terapia intensiva brasileiras e mortalidade atribuída pela análise dos dados ­obtidos pelo estudo Extended Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC II).

MÉTODOS:

O EPIC II é um estudo multicêntrico, internacional, prospectivo, de prevalência de infecção em UTIs, realizado em apenas um dia. Ele descreve as características demográficas, fisiológicas, bacteriológicas, terapêuticas, acompanhamento até o 60º dia, a prevalência de infecção, a taxa de mortalidade de todos os pacientes internados nas unidades de terapia intensiva participantes entre zero hora e meia noite do dia 8 de maio de 2007. Um total de 14.414 pacientes foram inlcuídos no estudo original, sendo que destes, 1.235 eram brasileiros provenientes de 90 unidades de terapia intensiva do país, que representaram o foco do estudo.

RESULTADOS:

Dos 1.235 pacientes, 61,6% apresentavam infecção no dia do estudo, sendo que o pulmão era o principal sítio de infecção (71,2%). Metade dos pacientes apresentava cultura positiva, sendo que o predomínio foi de bacilos Gram-negativos (72%). No dia do estudo, o Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) mediano foi 5 (3-8) e o Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) mediano 36 (26-47). Os doentes infectados apresentaram escore SOFA significativamente maior do que os não infectados, 6 (4-9) e 3 (2-6), respectivamente. A taxa de mortalidade global na unidade de terapia intensiva foi 28,4%, sendo de 37,6% em infectados e 13,2% em não infectados (p<0,001). Da mesma forma, a taxa de mortalidade hospitalar foi maior em pacientes infectados (44,2% versus 17,7%), tendo como taxa global 34,2% (p<0,001). Na análise multivariada, os principais fatores relacioanados ao desenvolvimento de infecção foram cirurgia de emergência (OR 2,89, IC95%=1,72-4,86; p<0,001), ventilação mecânica (OR=2,06, IC95%=1,5-2,82; p<0,001), SAPS II - por ponto obtido (OR=1,04, IC95%=1,03-1,06; p<0,001) e para mortalidade foram insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC) Classe Funcional III/IV (OR=3,0, IC95%=1,51-5,98; p<0,01), diabetes mellitus (OR=0,48, IC95%=0,25-0,95; p<0,03), cirrose (OR=4,62, IC95%=1,47-14,5; p<0,01), gênero masculino (OR=0,68, IC95%=0,46-1,0; p<0,05), ventilação mecânica (OR=1,87, IC95%=1,19-2,95; p<0,01), hemodiálise (OR 1,98, IC95%=1,05-3,75; p<0,03), SAPS II - por ponto obtido (OR=1,08, IC95%=1,06-1,10; p<0,001).

CONCLUSÃO:

Taxas de prevalência de infecção e de mortalidade mais elevadas que outros relatos foram observadas na presente amostra. Há clara relação entre infecção e mortalidade.
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the prevalence of infections in Brazilian intensive care units and the associated mortality by analyzing the data obtained in the Extended Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC II) study.

METHODS:

EPIC II was a multicenter, international, cross-sectional prospective study of infection prevalence. It described the demographic, physiological, bacteriological, and therapeutic characteristics, outcome up to the 60th day, prevalence of infection, and mortality of all the patients admitted to the participating ICUs between zero hour and midnight on May 8, 2007. A total of 14,414 patients were included in the original study. Of these 14,414 patients, 1,235 were Brazilian and were hospitalized in 90 Brazilian ICUs. They represent the focus of this study.

RESULTS:

Among these 1,235 Brazilian patients, 61,6% had an infection on the day of the trial, and the lungs were the main site of infection (71.2%). Half of the patients had positive cultures, predominantly gram-negative bacilli (72%). On the day of the study, the median SOFA score was 5 (3-8) and the median SAPS II score was 36 (26-47). The infected patients had SOFA scores significantly higher than those of the non-infected patients 6 (4-9) and 3 (2-6), respectively). The overall ICU mortality rate was 28.4% 37.6% in the infected patients, and 13.2% in the non-infected patients (p<0.001). Similarly, the in-hospital mortality rate was 34.2%, with a higher rate in the infected than in the non-infected patients (44.2% vs. 17.7%) (p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the main factors associated with infection incidence were emergency surgery (OR 2.89, 95%CI [1.72-4.86], p<0.001), mechanical ventilation (OR 2.06, 95% CI [1.5-2.82], p<0.001), and the SAPS II score (OR 1.04, 95% CI [1.03-1.06], p<0.001). The main factors related to mortality were ICC functional class III/ IV (OR 3.0, 95% CI [1.51-5.98], p<0.01), diabetes mellitus (OR 0.48, 95% CI [0.25-0.95], p<0.03), cirrhosis (OR 4.62, 95% CI [1.47-14,5], p<0.01), male gender (OR 0.68, 95% CI [0.46-1.0], p<0.05), mechanical ventilation (OR 1.87, 95% CI [1.19-2.95], p<0.01), hemodialysis (OR 1.98, 95% CI [1.05-3.75], p<0.03), and the SAPS II score (OR 1.08, 95% CI [1.06-1.10], p<0.001).

CONCLUSION:

The present study revealed a higher prevalence of infections in Brazilian ICUs than has been previously reported. There was a clear association between infection and mortality.


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Type of study: Controlled clinical trial / Observational study / Prevalence study / Risk factors / Screening study Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: Portuguese Journal: Rev. bras. ter. intensiva Journal subject: Critical Care Year: 2012 Type: Article Affiliation country: Belgium Institution/Affiliation country: Université Libre de Bruxelles/BE

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Type of study: Controlled clinical trial / Observational study / Prevalence study / Risk factors / Screening study Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: Portuguese Journal: Rev. bras. ter. intensiva Journal subject: Critical Care Year: 2012 Type: Article Affiliation country: Belgium Institution/Affiliation country: Université Libre de Bruxelles/BE