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Identificación y sensibilidad antimicrobiana de bacterias gramnegativas causantes de neumonía en pacientes VIH/sida / Identification and antimicrobial sensitivity of gramnegative bacteria causing pneumonia in HIV/AIDS patients
García Castellanos, Tersilia; Martínez Mota, Isabel; Salazar Rodríguez, Daniel; Pérez Monrás, Miriam; Pérez Ávila, Jorge.
  • García Castellanos, Tersilia; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí. La Habana. CU
  • Martínez Mota, Isabel; Instituto Finlay. La Habana. CU
  • Salazar Rodríguez, Daniel; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí. La Habana. CU
  • Pérez Monrás, Miriam; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí. La Habana. CU
  • Pérez Ávila, Jorge; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí. La Habana. CU
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 31(1): 53-62, ene.-mar. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-644734
RESUMEN
Las bacterias gramnegativas se consideran como causa frecuente de neumonía en pacientes VIH/sida. La emergente y elevada proporción de microorganismos resistentes obliga a utilizar el antibiograma como un método que definirá la terapéutica de estos pacientes.

Objetivos:

identificar las bacterias gramnegativas que causan neumonía en pacientes VIH/sida y determinar la sensibilidad antimicrobiana de los microorganismos aislados.

Métodos:

se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo en el Instituto Pedro Kourí de 85 pacientes con VIH/sida y diagnóstico presuntivo de neumonía bacteriana por criterios clínicos y radiológicos. Se recogieron muestras de esputo y sangre para cultivo. Las bacterias aisladas y la sensibilidad antimicrobiana se determinaron por el sistema semiautomatizado miniApi (bioMérieux).

Resultados:

se aislaron 74 bacterias potencialmente patógenas de las que 32 (43,2 porciento) se clasificaron como gramnegativas. Predominaron Klebsiella pneumoniae (11 cepas 34,3 porciento), Pseudomonas spp. (8 cepas 25 porciento) y Escherichia coli (4 cepas 12,5 porciento). Escherichia coli mostró el mayor porcentaje de resistencia y el 75 porciento de las cepas fue sensible frente a la amikacina. No se encontró resistencia al meropenem y más del 50 porciento de las enterobacterias identificadas con excepción de E.coli fueron sensibles a las cefalosporinas de tercera generación, ciprofloxacina, amikacina y cotrimoxazol. Pseudomonas spp. presentó resistencia al cotrimoxazol (87 porciento) y ticarcilina (75 porciento).

Conclusiones:

las bacterias gramnegativas causan en un porcentaje no despreciable neumonía en pacientes con VIH/sida. Aunque persisten cepas resistentes frente a diversos antimicrobianos, las cefalosporinas, quinolonas y los carbapenémicos muestran una adecuada actividad frente a estas bacterias
ABSTRACT
Gramnegative bacteria are considered to be a common cause of pneumonia in HIV/AIDS patients. The emergence of a large number of resistant microorganisms has made it necessary to use antibiograms to decide what treatment will be applied to these patients.

Objectives:

identify gramnegative bacteria causing pneumonia in HIV/AIDS patients and determine the antimicrobial sensitivity of the microorganisms isolated.

Methods:

a prospective descriptive study of 85 patients with HIV/AIDS and presumed diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia was carried out at Pedro Kourí Institute applying clinical and radiological criteria. Sputum and blood samples were collected to be cultured. The bacteria isolated and their antimicrobial sensitivity were determined using the mini-Api (bioMÚrieux) semiautomated system.

Results:

seventy-four potentially pathogenic bacteria were isolated, of which 32 (43.2 percent) were classified as gramnegative. The prevailing ones were Klebsiella pneumoniae (11 strains 34.3 percent), Pseudomonas spp. (8 strains 25 percent) and Escherichia coli (4 strains 12,5 percent). Escherichia coli exhibited the highest resistance percentage. 75 percent of the strains were sensitive to amikacin. No resistance was found to meropenem, and more than 50 percent of the enterobacteria identified, with the exception of E. coli, were sensitive to third-generation cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, amikacin and cotrimoxazol. Pseudomonas spp. showed resistance to cotrimoxazol (87 percent) and ticarcillin (75 percent).

Conclusions:

gramnegative bacteria cause pneumonia in HIV/AIDS patients to a considerable extent. There continue to be strains which are resistant to various antimicrobial drugs. However, cephalosporins, quinolones and carbapenemics exhibit adequate activity against these bacteria
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Microbial Sensitivity Tests / AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Pneumonia, Bacterial / Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Gram-Negative Bacteria Type of study: Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2012 Type: Article Affiliation country: Cuba Institution/Affiliation country: Instituto Finlay/CU / Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí/CU

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Microbial Sensitivity Tests / AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Pneumonia, Bacterial / Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Gram-Negative Bacteria Type of study: Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2012 Type: Article Affiliation country: Cuba Institution/Affiliation country: Instituto Finlay/CU / Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí/CU