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Ciclos biogeoquímicos en bosques naturales y plantaciones de coníferas en ecosistemas de alta montaña de Colombia
León, Juan Diego; González, María Isabel; Gallardo, Juan Fernando.
  • León, Juan Diego; Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. CO
  • González, María Isabel; Universidad de Salamanca. Área de Edafología y Química Agrícola. ES
  • Gallardo, Juan Fernando; C.S.I.C. ES
Rev. biol. trop ; 59(4): 1883-1894, Dec. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-646559
ABSTRACT
Biogeochemical cycles in natural forest and conifer plantations in the high mountains of Colombia. Plant litter production and decomposition are two important processes in forest ecosystems, since they provide the main organic matter input to soil and regulate nutrient cycling. With the aim to study these processes, litterfall, standing litter and nutrient return were studied for three years in an oak forest (Quercus humboldtii), pine (Pinus patula) and cypress (Cupressus lusitanica) plantations, located in highlands of the Central Cordillera of Colombia. Evaluation methods included fine litter collection at fortnightly intervals using litter traps; the litter layer samples at the end of each sampling year and chemical analyses of both litterfall and standing litter. Fine litter fall observed was similar in oak forest (7.5Mg ha/y) and in pine (7.8Mg ha/y), but very low in cypress (3.5Mg ha/y). Litter standing was 1.76, 1.73 and 1.3Mg ha/y in oak, pine and cypress, respectively. The mean residence time of the standing litter was of 3.3 years for cypress, 2.1 years for pine and 1.8 years for oak forests. In contrast, the total amount of retained elements (N, P, S, Ca, Mg, K, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in the standing litter was higher in pine (115kg/ha), followed by oak (78kg/ha) and cypress (24kg/ha). Oak forests showed the lowest mean residence time of nutrients and the highest nutrients return to the soil as a consequence of a faster decomposition. Thus, a higher nutrient supply to soils from oaks than from tree plantations, seems to be an ecological advantage for recovering and maintaining the main ecosystem functioning features, which needs to be taken into account in restoration programs in this highly degraded Andean mountains. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (4) 1883-1894. Epub 2011 December 01.
RESUMEN
La caída y descomposición de hojarasca representan los principales ingresos de materia orgánica y nutrientes a los ecosistemas forestales. Se estudiaron la caída y acumulación de hojarasca fina y el retorno de nutrientes, en un robledal (Quercus humboldtii) y en plantaciones de pino (Pinus patula) y ciprés (Cupressus lusitanica) en tierras altas de Colombia. La caída de hojarasca fina fue similar entre el robledal (7.5Mg/ha.a) y el pinar (7.8Mg/ha.a), y muy inferior en el cipresal (3.5Mg/ha.a). El mantillo representó 1.76, 1.73 y 1.3Mg/ha.a en el robledal, pinar y cipresal, respectivamente. El tiempo medio de residencia (TMR) del mantillo siguió la secuencia cipresal (3.3 años)>pinar (2.1 años)>robledal (1.8 años). La cantidad de nutrientes retenidos en el mantillo siguió la secuencia pinar (115kg/ ha)>robledal (78kg/ha)>cipresal (24kg/ha). Los menores TMR de nutrientes se presentaron para la hojarasca foliar del robledal, en su mayoría inferiores a 1.0 años. En términos de la función ecosistémica en el robledal los procesos estudiados son muy superiores vía provisión de nutrientes al suelo y regulación de los ciclos biogeoquímicos, aspectos que deben ser considerados previa implementación de programas de repoblamiento forestal.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Soil / Trees / Biodegradation, Environmental / Plant Leaves / Pinus / Tracheophyta Country/Region as subject: South America / Colombia Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. biol. trop Journal subject: Biology / Tropical Medicine Year: 2011 Type: Article Affiliation country: Colombia / Spain Institution/Affiliation country: C.S.I.C/ES / Universidad Nacional de Colombia/CO / Universidad de Salamanca/ES

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Soil / Trees / Biodegradation, Environmental / Plant Leaves / Pinus / Tracheophyta Country/Region as subject: South America / Colombia Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. biol. trop Journal subject: Biology / Tropical Medicine Year: 2011 Type: Article Affiliation country: Colombia / Spain Institution/Affiliation country: C.S.I.C/ES / Universidad Nacional de Colombia/CO / Universidad de Salamanca/ES