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Adequação calórico-proteica da terapia nutricional enteral em pacientes cirúrgicos / Protein-calorie adequacy of enteral nutrition therapy in surgical patients
Isidro, Marília Freire; Lima, Denise Sandrelly Cavalcanti de.
  • Isidro, Marília Freire; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Recife. BR
  • Lima, Denise Sandrelly Cavalcanti de; UFPE. Hospital das Clínicas. Clínica de Cirurgia Geral. Recife. BR
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 58(5): 580-586, set.-out. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-653771
RESUMO

OBJETIVO:

Avaliar a adequação calórico-proteica da terapia nutricional enteral (TNE) empregada em pacientes cirúrgicos.

MÉTODOS:

Estudo prospectivo, realizado em pacientes cirúrgicos que receberam TNE de março a outubro de 2011. Os pacientes foram avaliados antropometricamente e pela avaliação subjetiva global (ASG). Os valores de calorias e proteínas prescritos e administrados e as causas de interrupção da dieta foram registrados diariamente. O valor de 90% foi utilizado como referencial de adequação. A diferença entre o prescrito e o administrado foi verificada pelo teste t de Student.

RESULTADOS:

Uma amostra de 32 pacientes, com idade de 55,8 ± 14,9 anos, apresentou 40,6 a 71,9% de desnutrição dependendo da ferramenta utilizada. A neoplasia gástrica e as gastrectomias foram o diagnóstico e as cirurgias mais frequentes. Dos pacientes, 50% conseguiram atingir suas necessidades calórico-proteicas. A adequação da dieta recebida em relação à prescrita foi de 88,9 ± 12,1% e de 87,9 ± 12,2% para calorias e proteínas, respectivamente, com um déficit significativo (p < 0,0001) de 105,9 Kcal/dia e de 5,5 g de proteína/dia. Dos pacientes, 59,4% estavam adequados quanto a calorias e 56,2% quanto a proteínas. As causas de suspensão da dieta ocorreram em 81,3%, sendo o jejum para procedimentos (84,6%) e náuseas/vômitos (38,5%) as causas mais observadas no pré e no pós-operatório, respectivamente.

CONCLUSÃO:

A inadequação calórico-proteica foi frequente, podendo ser atribuída às intercorrências e suspensões da dieta durante a TNE, o que pode ter dificultado que a amostra atingisse suas necessidades nutricionais. Isto pode contribuir para o declínio do estado nutricional do paciente cirúrgico, que frequentemente já está comprometido, conforme observado neste estudo.
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the protein-calorie adequacy of enteral nutrition therapy (ENT) in surgical patients.

METHODS:

A prospective study was performed in surgical patients who received ENT from March to October 2011. Patients were evaluated anthropometrically and by subjective global assessment (SGA). The amount of calories and protein prescribed and administered were recorded daily, as well as the causes of discontinuation of the diet. A 90% value was used as the adequacy reference. The difference between the prescribed and administered amount was verified by Student's t-test.

RESULTS:

A sample of 32 patients, aged 55.8 ± 14.9 years, showed a malnutrition rate of 40.6% to 71.9%, depending on the assessment tool used. Gastric cancer and gastrectomy were the most common diagnosis and surgery, respectively. Of the patients, 50% were able to meet their caloric and protein needs. The adequacy of the received diet in relation to the prescribed one was 88.9 ± 12.1% and 87.9 ± 12.2% for calories and proteins, respectively, with a significant difference (p < 0.0001) of 105.9 kcal/day and 5.5 g protein/day. 59.4% of the patients had adequate caloric intake and 56.2% had adequate protein intake. Causes of diet suspension occurred in 81.3%, with fasting for procedures (84.6%) and nausea/vomiting (38.5%) being the most frequently observed causes in pre- and postoperative periods, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

Inadequate caloric and protein intake was common, which can be attributed to complications and diet suspensions during ENT, which may have hampered the sample reached their nutritional needs. This may contribute to the decline in the nutritional status of surgical patients, who often have impaired nutrition, as observed in this study.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Energy Intake / Dietary Proteins / Nutrition Assessment / Enteral Nutrition / Protein-Energy Malnutrition Type of study: Observational study / Risk factors Limits: Adult / Aged / Aged80 / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: Portuguese Journal: Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) Year: 2012 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: UFPE/BR / Universidade Federal de Pernambuco/BR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Energy Intake / Dietary Proteins / Nutrition Assessment / Enteral Nutrition / Protein-Energy Malnutrition Type of study: Observational study / Risk factors Limits: Adult / Aged / Aged80 / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: Portuguese Journal: Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) Year: 2012 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: UFPE/BR / Universidade Federal de Pernambuco/BR