Má Oclusão, Hábitos Bucais e Aleitamento Materno: Estudo de Base Populacional em um Município de Pequeno Porte / Malocclusion, Oral Habits and Breast-Feeding: A Population-Based Study in a Small City

RESUMO

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de má oclusão na dentição decídua e avaliar sua associação com hábitos bucais e tempo de aleitamento materno. Método: Estudo transversal constituído pelo universo de crianças, entre três e cinco anos de idade, residentes nas áreas de abrangência das Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) do município de Pedra Preta û Mato Grosso. A coleta de dados foi composta por duas etapas: entrevista com a mãe e/ou responsável e exame clínico odontológico da criança. As entrevistas foram realizadas por duas auxiliares previamente treinadas e o exame clínico por um cirurgião dentista treinado e calibrado (Kappa = 0,96). Foram examinadas 374 crianças na faixa etária de três a cinco anos. Os critérios para classificar as oclusões em normais e más oclusões foram: relação terminal dos segundos molares decíduos, relação de caninos, relação transversal, trespasses e presença/ausência de apinhamento dental. Os dados foram submetidos aos seguintes testes estatísticos: qui-quadrado (X²) com correção de Yates e Exato de Fisher (p<0,05). Resultados: A prevalência de má oclusão foi de 53,2% (IC 95%: 48,3 -58,6) e os tipos mais frequentes foram o apinhamento dental, sobressaliência e mordida aberta anterior. Verificou-se associação de má oclusão com os seguintes hábitos bucais: mamadeira, chupeta, sucção de dedo e respiração bucal. Aleitamento materno exclusivo

ABSTRACT

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of malocclusion in primary dentition and to evaluate its association with oral habits and breastfeeding duration. Method: A cross-sectional study consisting by the universe of children between 3 and 5 years of age living in areas covered by the Family Health Units (USF) in the municipality of Pedra Preta - Mato Grosso. Data collection consisted of two steps: an interview with the mother and / or guardian and the child's clinical dental examination. The interviews were conducted by two previously trained assistants and clinical examination by a trained and calibrated dentist (kappa = 0.96). Were examined 374 children aged 3 to 5 years. The criteria for classifying occlusions in normal and malocclusions were: ratio of terminal primary second molars, canine relationship, transverse relationship, goodwill and presence / absence of crowding. Data were submitted to the following statistical tests: chi-square (X²) test with Yates correction and Fisher (p<0.05).Results: The prevalence of malocclusion was 53.2% (95% CI: 48.3-58.6) and the most frequent types were crowding, overjet and anterior open bite. An association of malocclusion with the following oral habits: feeding, pacifier, finger sucking and mouth breathing. Exclusive breastfeeding < 6 months was also associated with malocclusion.Conclusion: The prevalence of malocclusion in primary dentition was high. Early diagnosis and preventive measures can prevent and / or intercept the establishment of these changes, even in the primary dentition

ABSTRACT

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of malocclusion in primary dentition and to evaluate its association with oral habits and breastfeeding duration. Method: A cross-sectional study consisting by the universe of children between 3 and 5 years of age living in areas covered by the Family Health Units (USF) in the municipality of Pedra Preta - Mato Grosso. Data collection consisted of two steps: an interview with the mother and / or guardian and the child's clinical dental examination. The interviews were conducted by two previously trained assistants and clinical examination by a trained and calibrated dentist (kappa = 0.96). Were examined 374 children aged 3 to 5 years. The criteria for classifying occlusions in normal and malocclusions were: ratio of terminal primary second molars, canine relationship, transverse relationship, goodwill and presence / absence of crowding. Data were submitted to the following statistical tests: chi-square (X²) test with Yates correction and Fisher (p<0.05).Results: The prevalence of malocclusion was 53.2% (95% CI: 48.3-58.6) and the most frequent types were crowding, overjet and anterior open bite. An association of malocclusion with the following oral habits: feeding, pacifier, finger sucking and mouth breathing. Exclusive breastfeeding < 6 months was also associated with malocclusion.Conclusion: The prevalence of malocclusion in primary dentition was high. Early diagnosis and preventive measures can prevent and / or intercept the establishment of these changes, even in the primary dentition