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Prevalencia de tabaquismo y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en el casco urbano de una localidad rural de la Provincia de Buenos Aires / Smoking habit prevalence and cardiovascular risk factors in a town located in a rural area of the Buenos Aires province, Argentina
Landea, María del Rosario; Salazar, Martín R; Marillet, Alberto G; Novello, Miguel A; Carbajal, Horacio A; Echeverría, Raúl F.
  • Landea, María del Rosario; HIGA Gral San Martín. Buenos Aires. AR
  • Salazar, Martín R; HIGA Gral San Martín. Buenos Aires. AR
  • Marillet, Alberto G; Hospital Municipal de San Andrés de Giles. Buenos Aires. AR
  • Novello, Miguel A; Hospital Municipal de San Andrés de Giles. Buenos Aires. AR
  • Carbajal, Horacio A; HIGA Gral San Martín. Buenos Aires. AR
  • Echeverría, Raúl F; HIGA Gral San Martín. Buenos Aires. AR
Rev. am. med. respir ; 11(3): 110-116, sept. 2011. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-655769
RESUMEN

Objetivo:

determinar prevalencia de tabaquismo en población general y en individuos con alto riesgo cardiovascular.

Métodos:

Se realizó una encuesta de tabaquismo y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en una muestra poblacional aleatoria (≥ 15 años) de San Andrés de Giles, Bs As. Seconsideró fumadores actuales a quienes habían fumado más de 100 cigarrillos y fumaban actualmente y ex fumadores a quienes habían fumado más de 100 cigarrillos y abandonado. Analizamos instrucción, vivienda, ingresos, actividad física, consumo de alcohol, hipertensión, diabetes, obesidad, dislipemia, sindrome metabólico, antecedentes de infarto, angina de pecho y accidente cerebrovascular.

Resultados:

Fueron encuestados 1091 mujeres (40.8±0.5 años) y 500 varones (40.4±0.8 años). La prevalencia ajustada por edad de fumadores actuales fue 32.8 en varones(IC95% 28.7-36.9) y 25.4 en mujeres (IC95% 22.9-28.0). En el grupo 15-24 años 41.8% de los varones y 31.5% de las mujeres eran fumadores actuales. Del total de fumadores actuales, habían pensado dejar 56.0% y fijarían fecha en 30 días 29.0%. No hubo diferencias en la prevalencia según el nivel de educación (p=0.699). La prevalencia defumadores actuales fue mayor en aquellos sin vivienda propia (p<0.001), en quienes consumían alcohol (p<0.001) y en quienes no realizaban actividad física (p=0.003). Eran fumadores actuales 24.5% de los hipertensos, 15.4% de los diabéticos, 25.0% de los obesos, 22.9% de los dislipémicos, 20.9% de los con síndrome metabólico y 27.1% de los con enfermedad cardiovascular.

Conclusiones:

El tabaquismo estuvo fuertemente asociado a la falta de actividad física y al consumo de alcohol y una alta proporción de sujetos con alto riesgo cardiovascular continúan fumando.
ABSTRACT
Objetive To determine the prevalence of the tobacco smoking habit in the general population and in individuals with high cardiovascular risk.

Methods:

A population-based cross-sectional survey took place in a random sample ofthe inhabitants aged 15 years and more at San Andres de Giles, Buenos Aires, Argentina. People who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their life and still smoked were defined as current smokers, while people that had smoked at least 100 cigarettes but had quitsmoking were considered former smokers. We evaluated 1-education level, 2-access to housing, 3-self perception of income, 4-regular physical activity, 5-alcohol consumption, 6-hypertension, 7-diabetes, 8-obesity, 9-dyslipidemia, 10-metabolic syndrome (NCEPATPIII criteria), 11-history of myocardial infarction, angina and stroke.

Results:

The sample included 1091 women (40.8 ± 0.5 years) and 500 males (40.4 ± 0.8 years). The prevalence of current smokers was 32.8 in men (CI 95% 28.7-36.9) and 25.4 inwomen (CI95% 22.9-28.0). In the age group that included people between the ages 15 to 24 years, 41.8% of men and 31.5% of women were current smokers. 56.0% of the current smokers had thought about quitting and 29.0% were willing to fix a date within the next 30days. There were no significant differences according to education level (p=0.699). Alcohol consumption (p<0.001) and lack of regular physical activity (p=0.003) were associatedwith a high prevalence of current smokers. 24.5% participants were hypertensives, 15.4% diabetics, 25.0% obeses and 22.9% dyslipidaemics; 20.9% had metabolic syndrome and27.1% of those with cardiovascular disease, were current smokers.

Conclusion:

There were strong relationships between smoking, alcohol consumption and lack of physical activity. A high proportion of subjects with high cardiovascular risk were current smokers.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Tobacco Use Disorder / Cardiovascular Diseases Type of study: Controlled clinical trial / Etiology study / Prevalence study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Aged80 / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Argentina Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. am. med. respir Journal subject: Medicine / Pulmonary Disease (Specialty) Year: 2011 Type: Article Affiliation country: Argentina Institution/Affiliation country: HIGA Gral San Martín/AR / Hospital Municipal de San Andrés de Giles/AR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Tobacco Use Disorder / Cardiovascular Diseases Type of study: Controlled clinical trial / Etiology study / Prevalence study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Aged80 / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Argentina Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. am. med. respir Journal subject: Medicine / Pulmonary Disease (Specialty) Year: 2011 Type: Article Affiliation country: Argentina Institution/Affiliation country: HIGA Gral San Martín/AR / Hospital Municipal de San Andrés de Giles/AR