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Toxicity of saponin isolated from Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) Japanese encephalitis vector mosquito in India / Toxicidade da saponina isolada de Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) contra Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito vetor da encefalite japonesa na Índia
Elumalai, Kupppusamy; Dhanasekaran, Shanmugan; Krishnappa, Kaliamoorthy.
  • Elumalai, Kupppusamy; Govt. Arts College. Centre for Entomotoxicity studies. Tamilnadu. IN
  • Dhanasekaran, Shanmugan; Annamalai University. Department of Zoology. Unit of Pesticidal Research. Tamilnadu. IN
  • Krishnappa, Kaliamoorthy; Annamalai University. Department of Zoology. Unit of Pesticidal Research. Tamilnadu. IN
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 54(6): 337-344, Nov.-Dec. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-656270
ABSTRACT
To determine the larvicidal activity of various extracts of Gymnema sylvestre against the Japanese Encephalitis vector, Culex tritaeniorynchus in Tamilnadu, India. To identify the active principle present in the promising fraction obtained in ChlorofomMethanol extract of Fraction 2. The G. sylvestre leaf extracts were tested, employing WHO procedure against fourth instar larvae of C. tritaeniorhynchus and the larval mortalities were recorded at various concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50 and 100 µg/mL); the 24h LC50 values of the G. Sylvestre leaf extracts were determined following Probit analysis. It was noteworthy that treatment level 100 µg/mL exhibited highest mortality rates for the three different crude extracts and was significantly different from the mean mortalities recorded for the other concentrations. The LC50 values of 34.756 µg/mL (24.475-51.41), 31.351 µg/mL (20.634-47.043) and 28.577 µg/mL (25.159-32.308) were calculated for acetone, chloroform and methanol extract with the chi-square values of 10.301, 31.351 and 4.093 respectively. The present investigation proved that G. Sylvestre could be possibly utilized as an important component in the Vector Control Program.
RESUMO
O presente trabalho é para identificar a atividade larvicida de vários extratos da Gymnema sylvestre contra o vetor da encefalite japonesa, Culex tritaeniorhynchus em Tamilnadu, Índia. Com este propósito o princípio ativo presente na fração mais promissora foi obtida através de um extrato clorofórmiometanol da fração 2. Os extratos das folhas do G. sylvestre foram testados empregando o procedimento da WHO contra estágios quaternários da larva do C. tritaeniorhynchus e as mortalidades larvais foram registradas após várias concentrações (6,25, 12,5, 25,0 e 100; 34,756 µg/mL (24,475-51,41), 31,351 µg/mL (20,634-47,043) e 28,577 µg/mL (25,159-32,308) g/mL); os valores de LC50 de 24 horas dos extratos das folhas de G. sylvestre foram determinados seguindo a análise Probit. Foi notado que o nível de tratamento de 100 µg/mL exibiu a mortalidade mais alta para os três diferentes extratos crus e foi significantemente diferente das mortalidades médias registradas para as outras concentrações. Os valores de LC50 de 34,756 µg/mL (24,475-51,41), 31,351 µg/mL (20,634-47,043) e 28,577 µg/mL (25,159-32,308) foram calculados para os extratos de acetona, clorofórmio e metanol com os valores de qui-quadrado de 10,301, 31,351 e 4,093 respectivamente. A presente investigação mostra que o G. sylvestre pode ser usado como componente importante no programa de controle do vetor.
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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Saponins / Plant Extracts / Culex / Gymnema sylvestre / Insect Vectors / Insecticides Limits: Animals Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo Journal subject: Tropical Medicine Year: 2012 Type: Article Affiliation country: India Institution/Affiliation country: Annamalai University/IN / Govt. Arts College/IN

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Saponins / Plant Extracts / Culex / Gymnema sylvestre / Insect Vectors / Insecticides Limits: Animals Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo Journal subject: Tropical Medicine Year: 2012 Type: Article Affiliation country: India Institution/Affiliation country: Annamalai University/IN / Govt. Arts College/IN