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Toxicity of the essential oil of the cytral chemotype of Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown
Olivero-Verbel, Jesús; Guerrero-Castilla, Angélica; Stashenko, Elena.
  • Olivero-Verbel, Jesús; University of Cartagena. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group. Campus of Zaragocilla. Cartagena. CO
  • Guerrero-Castilla, Angélica; University of Cartagena. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group. Campus of Zaragocilla. Cartagena. CO
  • Stashenko, Elena; Industrial University of Santander. Research Centre for Biomolecules, CIBIMOL, CENIVAM. Chromatography Laboratory. Bucaramanga. CO
Acta toxicol. argent ; 18(1): 21-27, June 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-661948
ABSTRACT
The essential oil (EO) of Lippiaalba (Mill.) N. E. Brown (Verbenaceae) has been traditionally used to treat several diseases. In this study, the acute toxic effects of the citral chemotype of L. alba EO were evaluated in mice. Animals were treated via intraperitoneal receiving the L. alba essential oil at doses between 50 and 2500 mg/kg, and the control group received sesame oil (vehicle). The EO induced dose-dependent neurotoxic effects at doses greater than 1000 mg/kg, including decreased locomotion, motor skills and muscle strength, hypotonia, dyspnea, kyphosis and convulsions. The EO was lethal at a dose of 2500 mg/kg. Animals receiving 1000 mg/kg were euthanized at the end of the treatment period and their blood and livers were collected for analysis. Mice exposed to L. alba EOpresented significantly greater plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities than the control group. Liver histological changes included mild inflammation, in particular, an increase in nuclear size. Compared to vehicle control group, changes in expressionfor selected genes were significant for FABP5, a fatty acid transport related gene. In summary, the intraperitoneal administration of L. alba EO (citral chemotype) causes neurological damage in mice at doses equal or greater than 1500 mg/kg, whereas at 1000 mg/kg, it generates mild liver damage. Therefore, the systemic use of this EO raises concerns about its safety.
RESUMEN
El aceite esencial (AE) de Lippia alba(Mill.) NE Brown (Verbenaceae) ha sido utilizado tradicionalmente para tratar varias enfermedades. En este estudio, los efectos tóxicos agudos del AE de Lippia alba quimiotipo citral fueron evaluados en ratones. Los animales fueron tratados por vía intraperitonealrecibiendo el AE en dosis entre 50 y 2500 mg/kg de peso, y el grupo control aceite de sésamo (vehículo). Dosis superiores a 1000 mg/kg del AE mostraron efectos neurotóxicos incluyendo disminución de la locomoción e hipotonía, disnea, cifosis y convulsiones. El AE fue letal a la dosis de 2500 mg/kg. Veinticuatro horas después de que los animales fueron tratados con 1000 mg/kg del AE se les realizó eutanasia y su sangre e hígado fueron recolectados para análisis. Los ratones expuestos al AE de L. alba, presentaron actividad alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) en plasma significativamente mayor que el grupo control. Dentro de los cambios histológicos hepáticos se incluyen inflamación leve, en particular, un aumento del tamaño nuclear. En comparación con el grupo control, la expresión de genes seleccionados tuvo diferencias significativas para FABP5, un gen relacionado con el transporte de ácidos grasos. En conclusión, la administración intraperitoneal del AE de L. alba (quimiotipo citral) causa dañosneurológicos en ratones a una dosis igual o superior a 1500 mg/kg, mientras que a 1000 mg/kg, genera daño hepático leve. Por lo tanto, el uso sistémico de este AE plantea preocupaciones en cuanto a su seguridad.
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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Oils, Volatile / Verbenaceae / Lippia Limits: Animals Language: English Journal: Acta toxicol. argent Journal subject: Public Health / Toxicology Year: 2010 Type: Article Affiliation country: Colombia Institution/Affiliation country: Industrial University of Santander/CO / University of Cartagena/CO

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Oils, Volatile / Verbenaceae / Lippia Limits: Animals Language: English Journal: Acta toxicol. argent Journal subject: Public Health / Toxicology Year: 2010 Type: Article Affiliation country: Colombia Institution/Affiliation country: Industrial University of Santander/CO / University of Cartagena/CO