Prevalência da abstinência ao tabaco de pacientes tratados em unidades de saúde e fatores relacionados / The prevalence of abstinence from tobacco in patients treated in health units and related factors

RESUMO

O objetivo é conhecer a prevalência e identificar as variáveis relacionadas com a abstinência do tabaco em pacientes tratados nos Grupos de Apoio Terapêutico ao Tabagista (GATT) em unidades de saúde do município de Vitória (ES), no ano de 2009. Estudo transversal com 160 participantes do GATT que participaram de 75% das sessões. Realizada entrevista por telefone, 9 a 20 meses após o tratamento, e usado dados secundários do roteiro de entrevista inicial. Na análise estatística, foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado e Fisher. A significância estatística foi 5%. Eram abstinentes 28,7%, recaíram 51,9% e 19,4% não pararam de fumar. Houve diferença estatística entre os grupos nas variáveis estado civil (0,039), tentativas anteriores para parar de fumar (0,029), quantidade de cigarros fumados por dia (0,019), uso de fármacos (0,001) e transtorno do humor referidos (0,040). O grupo de abstinente teve mais casados, tentou mais vezes parar de fumar, fumou menos cigarro/dia, apresentou menos ansiedade/alteração do humor. A abstinência foi semelhante a outros estudos e o maior percentual de sujeitos recaiu.

ABSTRACT

The scope of this study is to discover the prevalence and identify the variables related to tobacco abstinence in patients treated for quitting smoking through group therapy or support groups in primary health care units of the municipality of Vitória, State of Espirito Santo, in the year of 2009. A cross-sectional study was performed with 160 participants of the support groups who participated in 75% of the sessions. Telephone interviews were conducted 9 to 20 months after treatment and secondary data from the text of the initial interview were used. Chi-square and Fischer tests were used in statistical analysis and the statistical significance was 5%. It was found that 28.7% were abstainers, 51.9% had relapsed and 19.4% never stopped smoking. There was a statistical difference between the groups in the variables of marital status (0.039), previous attempts to stop smoking (0.029), amount of cigarettes smoked per day (0.019), use of medication (0.001) and reported anxiety/mood disorders (0.040). The abstaining group included more married people, people who had tried to quit smoking several times, smoked fewer cigarettes/day, showed less anxiety/mood change. The incidence of abstinence was similar to other studies and the highest percentage of subjects relapsed.