Caracterización fenotípica de enterobacterias aisladas en pacientes con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana/sida / Phenotypic characterization of enterobacteria isolated from patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection/AIDS
Rev. cuba. med. trop
;
65(1): 66-77, ene.-abr. 2013.
Article
in Spanish
| LILACS
| ID: lil-665679
RESUMEN
Introducción:
en pacientes con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana/sida se incrementa el riesgo de padecer infecciones por enterobacterias.Objetivo:
caracterizar fenotípicamente las enterobacterias causantes de infecciones en estos pacientes.Métodos:
se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo, en el Instituto Pedro Kourí, de marzo de 2010 a marzo de 2011. Se procesaron muestras de esputo, lavado bronquial, secreciones faríngeas, óticas y vaginales, orina, fecales, lesiones de piel, sangre y catéteres, en 65 pacientes (ambulatorios y hospitalizados). La identificación bacteriológica y la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de los 73 aislamientos, se determinaron mediante sistema VITEK 2 Compact (bioMérieux, Francia).Resultados:
se identificaron Escherichia coli (30), Klebsiella spp. (19), Enterobacter spp. (15), Proteus spp. (7) y Serratia spp. (2). Prevalecieron las sepsis en pacientes hospitalizados (87,7 porciento). Menos de 50 porciento de las enterobacterias resultaron resistentes a las cefalosporinas, excepto Klebsiella spp. y Enterobacter spp. (68,4 porciento y 93,3 porciento de resistencia a cefepima y cefoxitina, respectivamente), y más del 80 porciento se mostró sensible a la amikacina. Se observó resistencia a piperazilina/tazobactam y ciprofloxacina en 27,3 porciento y 15 porciento, respectivamente. Se detectó 34,2 porciento de cepas productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido.Conclusiones:
Escherichia coli y Klebsiella spp. causan frecuentemente infecciones en pacientes VIH/sida. El estudio de la sensibilidad antimicrobiana por VITEK 2 Compact, sugiere que las cefalosporinas, aminoglucósidos, quinolonas y piperacilina/tazobactam, pudieran constituir una alternativa terapéutica en estos casosABSTRACT
Introduction:
the risk of infections caused by enterobacteria increases in HIV patients.Objective:
to phenotypically characterize the enterobacteria responsible for infections in these patients.Methods:
a prospective and descriptive study was conducted in Pedro Kourí Institute from March 2010 to March 2011. Samples of sputum, bronchial lavage, pharyngeal, ear and vaginal secretions, urine, stool, skin lesions, blood and catheters taken from 65 patients (ambulatory and hospital) were processed. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of 73 isolates were determined by automated system VITEK 2 Compact (bioMérieux, France).Results:
Escherichia coli (30), Klebsiella spp. (19), Enterobacter spp. (15), Proteus spp. (7) and Serratia spp. (2) were identified. Sepsis in hospitalized patients (87.7 percent) was prevalent. Less than 50 percent of Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to cephalosporins, except Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. (68.4 percent and 93.3 percent resistance to cefepime and cefoxitin, respectively) and over 80 percent were sensitive to amykacin. Resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam and ciprofloxacin was observed in 27.3 percent and 15 percent of cases, respectively. In the study, 34.2 percent of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases- producing strains was detected.Conclusions:
Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. often cause infections in HIV patients. The study of antimicrobial susceptibility by using VITEK 2 Compact system, suggests that cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, quinolones and piperacillin/tazobactam, could be effective therapeutic alternatives in these cases
Full text:
Available
Index:
LILACS (Americas)
Main subject:
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
/
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
/
Enterobacteriaceae Infections
Type of study:
Observational study
/
Risk factors
Limits:
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Language:
Spanish
Journal:
Rev. cuba. med. trop
Journal subject:
Tropical Medicine
Year:
2013
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Cuba
Institution/Affiliation country:
Laboratorio Farmacéutico Julio Trigo/CU
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