Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
A comprehensive response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Jamaica: a review of the past 20 years / Una respuesta integral a la epidemia de VIH/SIDA en Jamaica: a review of the past 20 years
Figueroa, JP; Duncan, J; Byfield, L; Harvey, K; Gebre, Y; Hylton-Kong, T; Hamer, F; Williams, E; Carrington, D; Brathwaite, AR.
  • Figueroa, JP; The University of the West Indies. Department of Community Health and Psychiatry. Kingston. JM
  • Duncan, J; The University of the West Indies. Department of Community Health and Psychiatry. Kingston. JM
  • Byfield, L; The University of the West Indies. Department of Community Health and Psychiatry. Kingston. JM
  • Harvey, K; The University of the West Indies. Department of Community Health and Psychiatry. Kingston. JM
  • Gebre, Y; The University of the West Indies. Department of Community Health and Psychiatry. Kingston. JM
  • Hylton-Kong, T; The University of the West Indies. Department of Community Health and Psychiatry. Kingston. JM
  • Hamer, F; The University of the West Indies. Department of Community Health and Psychiatry. Kingston. JM
  • Williams, E; The University of the West Indies. Department of Community Health and Psychiatry. Kingston. JM
  • Carrington, D; The University of the West Indies. Department of Community Health and Psychiatry. Kingston. JM
  • Brathwaite, AR; The University of the West Indies. Department of Community Health and Psychiatry. Kingston. JM
West Indian med. j ; 57(6): 562-576, Dec. 2008. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-672417
ABSTRACT
Jamaica has a well-established, comprehensive National Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) programme that has slowed the HIV epidemic and mitigated its impact. Adult HIV prevalence has been stable at approximately 1.5% since 1996. HIV rates are high among those most at risk such as sex-workers (9%) and men who have sex with men [MSM] (31.8%). Risk behaviour among adults with AIDS includes multiple sexual partners (80%), a history of a sexually transmitted infection [STI] (51.1%), commercial sex (23.9%) and crack/cocaine (8.0%). Approximately 20% of all reported AIDS cases, mainly women, give no history of any of the usual risk factors for HIV infection. The national programme is based in the Ministry of Health. Since 1988, Jamaica has had a national plan to guide its HIV response. A National AIDS Committee was established in 1988 to lead the multi-sectoral response. Prevention approaches have included information, education and communication campaigns, condom promotion, sexually transmitted infections (STI) control, targeted interventions, cultural approaches, outreach and peer education, workplace programmes and HIV counselling and testing. Concerted efforts have been made to reduce HIV stigma and discrimination. Antiretroviral therapy (ARV) was introduced for prevention of mother-to-child transmission in 2001 and a public access treatment programme introduced in 2004. A national HIV/AIDS Policy was adopted unanimously in parliament in 2005. The National Strategic plan 2007-2012 commits Jamaica to achieving universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and care. Awareness of HIV and how to prevent it is near universal though belief in myths remains strong. The condom market has increased from approximately 2.5 million in 1985 to 12 million in 2006 while condom use has grown significantly with nearly 75% of men and 65% of women reporting condom use at last sex with a non-regular partner. The proportion of women 15-24 years reporting ever having a HIV test increased from 29.8% in 2004 to 48.9% in 2008. HIV transmission from mother-to-child has declined from 25% prior to 2000 to less than 8% in 2007. As of September 2008, 4450 persons or an estimated 68.5% of persons with advanced HIV and AIDS have been placed on ARV treatment resulting in a significant decline in mortality and morbidity due to HIV.
RESUMEN
Jamaica tiene un Programa Integral Nacional del Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana bien establecido, gracias al cual se ha disminuido la epidemia de VIH y mitigado su impacto. La prevalencia del VIH en los adultos se ha mantenido estable en aproximadamente 1.5% desde 1996. Las tasas de VIH son altas entre aquellos que presentan un mayor riesgo, tales como las trabajadoras sexuales (9%) y los hombres que tienen sexo con otros hombres (31.8%). El comportamiento de riesgo entre los adultos con SIDA incluye parejas sexuales múltiples (80%), historia de infección por transmisión sexual (ITS) (51.1%), sexo comercial (23.9%) y crack/cocaína (8.0%). Aproximadamente el 20% de todos los casos de SIDA reportados, principalmente las mujeres, no reportaron historia ninguna de los factores de riesgo usualmente asociados con la infección de VIH. El Programa Nacional tiene su base en el Ministerio de Salud. Desde 1988, Jamaica ha tenido un plan nacional para guiar su respuesta al VIH. En 1988, se creó un Comité Nacional de SIDA con el propósito de dirigir la respuesta multi-sectorial. Los enfoques en relación con la prevención han incluido campañas de información, educación y comunicación, promoción del uso del condón, control de las infecciones por transmisión sexual (ITS), intervenciones dirigidas, enfoques culturales, actividades de vinculo con las comunidades (outreach) y educación entre iguales, programas en el centro de trabajo, así como aconsejamiento y pruebas de VIH. Se han concertado esfuerzos a fin de reducir el estigma y la discriminación por VIH. En 2001, se introdujo la terapia antiretroviral (ARV) para la prevención de la transmisión de madre a hijo en 2001, y un programa de tratamiento de acceso al público fue introducido en 2004. Una Política Nacional en relación con el VIH/SIDA fue adoptada unánimemente por el Parlamento en 2005. Con el Plan Estratégico Nacional 2007-2012, Jamaica se compromete a lograr el acceso universal a la prevención, tratamiento y cuidado del VIH. La conciencia con respecto al VIH y cómo prevenirlo es casi universal, si bien la creencia en mitos relacionados con la enfermedad sigue siendo fuerte. El mercado del condón ha aumentado, de aproximadamente 2.5 millones en 1985 a 12 millones en 2006, mientras que el uso del condón ha crecido significativamente. Así, casi el 75% de los hombres y el 65% de las mujeres reportan haber hecho uso del condón la última vez que tuvieron sexo co su pareja habitual. La proporción de mujeres de 15-24 años que reportan haber tenido prueba de VIH alguna vez, aumentó de 29.8% en 2004 a 48.9% en 2008. La transmisión de VIH de madre a hijo ha disminuido de un 25% antes del año 2000 a menos de un 8% en el 2007. A partir de septiembre de 2008, una cifra de 4450 personas o un estimado de 68.5% de personas con VIH y SIDA avanzados, se han puesto bajo tratamiento ARV, con el resultado de un descenso significativo en la mortalidad y morbilidad por VIH.
Subject(s)
Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: HIV Infections / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Type of study: Etiology study / Prevalence study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: English Caribbean / Jamaica Language: English Journal: West Indian med. j Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2008 Type: Article Affiliation country: Jamaica Institution/Affiliation country: The University of the West Indies/JM

Similar

MEDLINE

...
LILACS

LIS

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: HIV Infections / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Type of study: Etiology study / Prevalence study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: English Caribbean / Jamaica Language: English Journal: West Indian med. j Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2008 Type: Article Affiliation country: Jamaica Institution/Affiliation country: The University of the West Indies/JM