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Acute computed tomography findings in patients with acute confusion of non-traumatic aetiology / Hallazgos agudos con tomografía computarizada en pacientes con confusión aguda de etiología no traumática
West, WM; Ali, A; West, KP; Stultz, R.
  • West, WM; The University of the West Indies. Department of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care.
  • Ali, A; The University of the West Indies. Department of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care.
  • West, KP; The University of the West Indies. Department of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care.
  • Stultz, R; The University of the West Indies. Department of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care.
West Indian med. j ; 60(5): 571-572, Oct. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-672787
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

A retrospective review was undertaken of all patients referred for computed tomography (CT) scans of the head for acute onset of confusion, not consequent on head trauma, during the period June 1, 2004 to May 31, 2007.

METHOD:

Data were obtained by Microsoft Word search of the reports of the Radiology Department of the University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. Two hundred and twenty-one patients were reviewed 103 men and 118 women. The mean age of the sample was 64 years; 168 patients (76%) were 50 years old or older.

RESULT:

Computed tomography scans were reported normal in 170 (76.9%) patients; 45 patients (20.4%) had definite acute intracranial CT findings. Findings were equivocal in three patients (1.4%) and unavailable for three (1.4%); 23.2% and 15.6% of patients above and below the age of 50 years respectively showed acute abnormalities on CT. The most common acute finding on CT scan was an ischaemic infarct (68%). Other abnormalities included intracerebral haemorrhage and metastases 6.2% each, toxoplasmosis and primary brain tumour 4.2% each and subdural haematoma and meningitis 2.1% each. The diagnoses of toxoplas-mosis were made based on appearances typical of toxoplasmosis on CT scans in patients whose request stated that they were HIV positive.

CONCLUSION:

In the sample reviewed, most patients who presented with acute confusion were above the age of 50 years. Overall, 20.4% of patients from all age groups had acute abnormalities on CT with a relative higher proportion, 23.2% versus 15.6% of those over 50 years, having acute pathology. The most common abnormality was an ischaemic infarct. This finding is similar to that in developed countries and unlike that seen in other developing countries where infectious aetiologies predominate.
RESUMEN
ANTECEDENTES Durante el período de junio, 2004 a mayo 31, 2007, se llevó a cabo una revisión retrospectiva de todos los pacientes remitidos para escaneos mediante tomografía computarizada (TC escáner) de la cabeza, en casos de ataques de confusión aguda, no originados por traumas en la cabeza.

MÉTODO:

Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante búsqueda con Microsoft Word de los informes del Departamento de Radiología del Hospital Universitario de West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. Se revisaron doscientos veintiún pacientes 103 hombres y 118 mujeres. La edad promedio de la muestra fue 64 años; 168 pacientes (76%) tenían 50 años de edad o más.

RESULTADO:

Los escaneos mediante tomografía computarizada fueron reportados como un procedimiento normal en 170 (76.9%) pacientes; 45 pacientes (20.4%) tuvieron hallazgos agudos intracraneales definidos por TC. Los hallazgos fueron equívocos en tres pacientes (1.4%) y no disponibles en tres (1.4%); 23.2% y 15.6% de los pacientes por encima y por debajo de la edad de 50 años respectivamente, mostraron anormalidades agudas en la TC. El hallazgo agudo más común con el escaneo de TC fue el infarto isquémico (68%). Otras anormalidades incluyeron hemorragias intracerebrales y metástasis, 6.2% respectivamente; toxoplasmosis y tumor primario del cerebro, 4.2% respectivamente, y hematoma subdural y meningitis, 2.1% respectivamente.

CONCLUSIÓN:

En la muestra revisada, la mayoría de los pacientes que presentaron confusión aguda se hallaban por encima de 50 años de edad. En general, 20.4% de los pacientes de todos los grupos etarios presentaban anormalidades agudas en la TC en una proporción relativamente más alta, siendo el caso que el 23.2% frente al 15.6% de aquéllos por encima de 50 años, presentaban patologías agudas. La anormalidad más común fue el infarto isquémico. Este hallazgo es similar al de los países desarrollados, y diferente al que se observa en otros países en vías de desarrollo, dónde predominan las etiologías infecciosas.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Brain Diseases / Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Confusion Type of study: Diagnostic study / Etiology study / Observational study Limits: Adult / Aged / Aged80 / Child / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: English Caribbean / Jamaica Language: English Journal: West Indian med. j Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2011 Type: Article Affiliation country: Jamaica

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Brain Diseases / Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Confusion Type of study: Diagnostic study / Etiology study / Observational study Limits: Adult / Aged / Aged80 / Child / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: English Caribbean / Jamaica Language: English Journal: West Indian med. j Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2011 Type: Article Affiliation country: Jamaica