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The role of pre-induction ketamine in the management of postoperative pain in patients undergoing elective gynaecological surgery at the University Hospital of the West Indies / El papel de la ketamina de pre-inducción en el tratamiento del dolor postoperatorio en pacientes que se someten a cirugía ginecológica electiva en el Hospital Universitario de West Indies
Thomas, M; Tennant, I; Augier, R; Gordon-Strachan, G; Harding, H.
  • Thomas, M; Department of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care.
  • Tennant, I; Department of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care.
  • Augier, R; Department of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care.
  • Gordon-Strachan, G; Department of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care.
  • Harding, H; Department of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care.
West Indian med. j ; 61(3): 224-229, June 2012. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-672890
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES:

To determine if a single preoperative dose of ketamine hydrochloride reduces the narcotic analgesic requirements and/or pain scores reported by patients in the first 24 hours postoperatively.

METHODS:

A single-centred, prospective, case-control study was conducted on 84 patients aged 18-65 years, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) I and II, undergoing elective gynaecological procedures at the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI). Patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups (a) ketamine group, where patients received intravenous ketamine 0.15 mg/kg pre-induction of anaesthesia; and (b) placebo group, patients received normal saline. The anaesthetic technique was standardized. Postoperatively, patients were interviewed at 15-minute intervals for the first hour, then at 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours to determine their pain scores and any side effects. Timing and dose of opioid analgesics were also recorded.

RESULTS:

The mean cumulative morphine dose over the first 24 hours postoperatively was 29.6 ±10.8 mg for the ketamine group and 31.9 ± 11.2 mg for the placebo group (p = 0.324). There was also no significant difference in pain intensity measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS) between the groups. Patient age and the type of surgery performed were not found to influence pain intensity. The most common adverse effects were nausea and vomiting (32.5%), dizziness (42.2%), drowsiness and sedation (45.8%) with no significant difference between groups. Both groups had an average in-hospital stay of three days postoperatively, however, the patients in the ketamine group reported higher satisfaction scores than those in the placebo group (p = 0.039).

CONCLUSION:

Despite no significant reduction in postoperative narcotic requirements or pain intensity, more patients who received ketamine reported higher levels of satisfaction with their pain management.
RESUMEN

OBJETIVOS:

Determinar si una sola dosis preoperativa de hidrocloruro de ketamina reduce los requerimientos de analgésicos narcóticos y/o puntuaciones de dolor reportados por los pacientes en las primeras 24 horas posteriores a la operación.

MÉTODOS:

Se llevó a cabo un estudio de caso-control, prospectivo, monocéntrico en 84 pacientes de 18-65 anos de edad, sometidas a procedimientos de ginecologia electiva en el Hospital Universitario de West Indies (HUWI). Los pacientes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a uno de dos grupos de tratamiento (a) grupo ketamina, en el que los pacientes recibieron una preinducción de anestesia de 0.15 mg/kg de ketamina intravenosa; y (b) grupo placebo, en el que los pacientes recibieron una solución salina normal. La técnica anestésica fue estandarizada. Postoperatoriamente, se entrevis-taron los pacientes a intervalos de 15 minutos durante la primera hora, y más tarde a 2, 4, 6, y 24 horas para determinar sus puntuaciones de dolor, y efectos cualesquiera. También se registraron el tiempo y la dosificación de los analgésicos.

RESULTADOS:

La dosis promedio de morfina cumulativa promedio en las primeras 24 horas posteriores a la operación, fue de 29.6 ± 10.8 mg para el grupo de ketamina; y 31.9 ± 11.2 mg para el grupo placebo (p = 0.324). No hubo tampoco ninguna diferencia significativa entre los grupos, en cuanto la intensidad de dolor medida mediante la escala visual analógica (EVA). No se halló que la edad del paciente y el tipo de cirugia realizada tuvieran influencia en la intensidad de dolor. Los efectos adversos más comúnes fueron náusea y vómito (32.5%), vértigo (42.2%), adormecimiento y sedación (45.8%), sin diferencia significativa entre los grupos. Ambos grupos tuvieron una estancia intra-hospitalaria promedio de tres dias tras la operación. No obstante, los pacientes del grupo de la ketamina reportaron puntuaciones de mayor satisfacción que los del grupo placebo (p = 0.039).

CONCLUSIÓN:

Si bien no hubo una reducción significativa en cuanto a requerimientos de narcóticos o intensidad de dolor postoperatorios, más pacientes que recibieron ketamina reportaron niveles más altos de satisfacción con el tratamiento del dolor.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Pain, Postoperative / Preanesthetic Medication / Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Analgesics / Ketamine Type of study: Controlled clinical trial / Observational study Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans Country/Region as subject: Caribbean Language: English Journal: West Indian med. j Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2012 Type: Article Affiliation country: Jamaica

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Pain, Postoperative / Preanesthetic Medication / Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Analgesics / Ketamine Type of study: Controlled clinical trial / Observational study Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans Country/Region as subject: Caribbean Language: English Journal: West Indian med. j Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2012 Type: Article Affiliation country: Jamaica