Análisis molecular de la resistencia a fluoroquinolonas y macrólidos en aislados de Campylobacter jejuni de humanos, bovinos y carne de ave / Molecular analysis of fluoroquinolones and macrolides resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from humans, bovine and chicken meat

ABSTRACT

Background: Campylobacter sp.- one of the leading causes of bacterial food-borne gastrointestinal illness worldwide- is increasingly resistant to fluoroquinolone and macrolide antimicrobials, which has become a major concern for public health. Objective: To describe the susceptibility patterns of Campylobacter jejuni strains to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin and to explore the origin of its resistance in human isolates. Material and Method: In this study, fifty-five ciprofloxacin and erythromycin susceptibility patterns of C. jejuni strains isolated from humans with diarrheal disease, performed by broth microdilution MIC, were compared with 55 and 44 isolates from chicken meat and bovines respectively, obtained from the Metropolitan Region, Chile. Results: Of the 55 human isolates of C. jejuni, 33 (60%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin and all were sensitive to erythromycin. Of the 55 isolates from chicken meat, 32 (58.2%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 1.8% were resistant to erythromycin. Of the 44 isolates of C. jejuni from cattle, 8 (18.2%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin and all were sensitive to erythromycin. Four PFGE patterns matched with certain resistance profiles and grouped isolates from human and animal. Conclusion: The findings showed continued effectiveness of erythromycin for campylobacteriosis and a high percentage of C. jejuni strains ciprofloxacin-resistant. This is interesting because it is considered that the presence of ciprofloxacin resistant strains in broiler meat can be in part the source of resistance to this antimicrobial in humans.

RESUMEN

Introducción: El incremento de la resistencia en Campylobacter sp. (una de las principales causas de gastroenteritis bacteriana de origen alimentario) a fluoro-quinolonas y macrólidos, es un problema en salud pública. Objetivo: Conocer los patrones de susceptibilidad in vitro de Campylobacter jejuni a eritromicina y ciprofloxacina y conocer el origen de su resistencia en aislados de humanos. Material y Método: En este estudio, se compararon las susceptibilidades a ciprofloxacina y eritromicina -CIM efectuadas por microdilución en caldo- de 55 aislados de C. jejuni provenientes de humanos con enterocolitis, con 55 aislados de carne de pollo y 44 de bovinos obtenidos en la Región Metropolitana, Chile. Resultados: De 55 aislados de C. jejuni de humanos, 33(60%) presentaron resistencia a ciprofloxacina y todos presentaron susceptibilidad a eritromicina. De 55 aislados procedentes de carne de pollo, 32 (58,2%) presentaron resistencia a ciprofloxacina y un aislado resultó resistente a eritromicina (1,8%). De 44 aislados de bovinos, 8(18,2%) presentaron resistencia a ciprofloxacina y todos resultaron sensibles a eritromicina. Cuatro patrones de electroforesis a campo pulsado coincidieron en sus perfiles de resistencia y agruparon aislados de origen humano y animal. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que eritromicina continúa siendo efectiva para el tratamiento de la campilobacteriosis y que existe un alto porcentaje de cepas resistentes a ciprofloxacina. Se considera probable que la presencia de cepas resistentes a ciprofloxacina en la carne de pollo puede ser en parte el origen de la resistencia a este fármaco en humanos.