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Tuberculosis patients in the Dominican Republic face severe direct and indirect costs and need social protection / Los pacientes con tuberculosis en la República Dominicana afrontan altos costos directos e indirectos, y necesitan protección social
Mauch, Verena; Melgen, Ricardo; Marcelino, Belkys; Acosta, Ivelisse; Klinkenberg, Eveline; Suarez, Pedro.
  • Mauch, Verena; Radboud University Medical Center. Department of Primary and Community Care. Nijmegen. NL
  • Melgen, Ricardo; Radboud University Medical Center. Department of Primary and Community Care. Nijmegen. NL
  • Marcelino, Belkys; Radboud University Medical Center. Department of Primary and Community Care. Nijmegen. NL
  • Acosta, Ivelisse; Radboud University Medical Center. Department of Primary and Community Care. Nijmegen. NL
  • Klinkenberg, Eveline; Radboud University Medical Center. Department of Primary and Community Care. Nijmegen. NL
  • Suarez, Pedro; Radboud University Medical Center. Department of Primary and Community Care. Nijmegen. NL
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 33(5): 332-339, may. 2013. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-676413
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:

To examine direct and indirect costs incurred by new, retreatment, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) patients in the Dominican Republic before and during diagnosis, and during treatment, to generate an evidence base and formulate recommendations.

METHODS:

The "Tool to Estimate Patients' Costs" was adapted to the local setting, translated into Spanish, and pretested. Patients attending 32 randomly selected health facilities in six chosen study areas on the study days were interviewed. Responses from patients 18-65 years old who had received treatment for at least one month and provided signed informed consent were collected, entered into a database, and analyzed.

RESULTS:

A total of 200 patients were interviewed. For most respondents, direct and indirect costs increased while income decreased. Total costs amounted to a median of US$ 908 for new patients, US$ 432 for retreatment patients, and US$ 3 557 for MDR-TB patients. The proportion of patients without a regular income increased from 1% to 54% because of falling ill with TB. Following its review of the study results the Ministry of Health has made efforts to allocate public funds for food supplements and to include in- and outpatient TB services in the national health insurance schemes.

CONCLUSIONS:

Free TB diagnosis and treatment are not enough to alleviate the financial constraints experienced by vulnerable groups as a result of the illness. Health insurance covering TB in- and outpatient costs is critical to prevent TB-related financial hardship.
RESUMEN

OBJETIVO:

Examinar los costos directos e indirectos afrontados por los pacientes con tuberculosis en la República Dominicana, ya sea por un tratamiento nuevo, por retratamiento, o por una tuberculosis multirresistente (MR), antes y a lo largo del proceso diagnóstico y durante el tratamiento, con objeto de generar una base de datos probatorios y formular recomendaciones.

MÉTODOS:

El "Instrumento de cálculo de los costos afrontados por los pacientes" ("Tool to Estimate Patients' Costs") se adaptó al entorno local, se tradujo al español y se sometió a una prueba preliminar. Durante los días en que se llevó a cabo el estudio, se entrevistó a los pacientes que acudían a 32 establecimientos de salud seleccionados aleatoriamente en seis zonas elegidas para ello. Se recopilaron las respuestas de los pacientes de 18 a 65 años de edad que habían recibido tratamiento durante al menos un mes y que habían prestado su consentimiento por escrito. Las respuestas se introdujeron en una base de datos y se analizaron.

RESULTADOS:

Se entrevistó a 200 pacientes. Para la mayoría de los entrevistados, los costos directos e indirectos aumentaban a medida que se reducían sus ingresos. Los costos totales ascendieron a una mediana de US$ 908 para los nuevos pacientes, US$ 432 para los pacientes en retratamiento y US$ 3 557 para los pacientes con tuberculosis multirresistente. La proporción de pacientes sin ingresos regulares aumentó de 1 a 54% como consecuencia de haber contraído la tuberculosis. Después de examinar los resultados del estudio, el Ministerio de Salud ha llevado a cabo iniciativas con objeto de asignar fondos públicos para suplementos alimentarios y para incluir los servicios de atención hospitalaria y ambulatoria de la tuberculosis en los programas del seguro nacional de enfermedad.

CONCLUSIONES:

El diagnóstico y el tratamiento gratuitos de la tuberculosis no son suficientes para mitigar las limitaciones financieras afrontadas por los grupos vulnerables como consecuencia de la enfermedad. Es esencial que el seguro de enfermedad cubra los costos de la atención hospitalaria y ambulatoria de la tuberculosis para paliar las dificultades financieras relacionadas con la enfermedad.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Public Policy / Tuberculosis / Cost of Illness Type of study: Controlled clinical trial / Practice guideline / Health economic evaluation / Observational study / Prevalence study / Risk factors Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: English Caribbean / Dominica / Dominican Republic Language: English Journal: Rev. panam. salud pública Journal subject: Public Health Year: 2013 Type: Article Affiliation country: Netherlands Institution/Affiliation country: Radboud University Medical Center/NL

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Public Policy / Tuberculosis / Cost of Illness Type of study: Controlled clinical trial / Practice guideline / Health economic evaluation / Observational study / Prevalence study / Risk factors Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: English Caribbean / Dominica / Dominican Republic Language: English Journal: Rev. panam. salud pública Journal subject: Public Health Year: 2013 Type: Article Affiliation country: Netherlands Institution/Affiliation country: Radboud University Medical Center/NL