Efectos de la prematurez sobre el desarrollo cognitivo y la atención en etapa escolar / Effects of prematurity on cognitive development and attention at school age
Rev. Soc. Psiquiatr. Neurol. Infanc. Adolesc
;
23(2): 104-113, ago. 2012. tab, graf
Article
in Spanish
| LILACS
| ID: lil-677247
RESUMEN
Gracias a los avances tecnológicos, los niños prematuros con discapacidades físicas mayores han disminuido su prevalencia; actualmente, los defectos cognitivos son la secuela predominante. Se investigó el desarrollo cognitivo y la atención en escolares con antecedentes de haber sido recién nacidos prematuros, a través de un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, en que se realizaron evaluaciones neuropsicológicas mediante WISC-R y test de Gordon a niños escolares con antecedentes de prematurez (EG<33s y/o PN<1500g) y niños controles con antecedentes de ser recién nacidos de término. Se evaluó a 77 pacientes 40 niños prematuros (EG 30,5 s) y 37 de término, entre 6-7 años. Aunque ambos grupos obtuvieron un CIT dentro del rango normal, se observó diferencias significativas (p<0,03) en desmedro del grupo prematuro en comparación con controles. Las habilidades atencionales también fueron significativamente menores para los prematuros (p< 0,01). Los niños prematuros se encuentran en riesgo de presentar problemas cognitivos y/o de atención en la etapa escolar. Se sugiere incorporar instrumentos de pesquisa de estas dificultades durante el seguimiento, que permitan un reconocimiento precoz e intervención oportuna.
ABSTRACT
The prevalence of premature children with major physical disabilities has diminished over time mainly due to advances in technology. Cognitive disorders are currently the main sequels. In order to study cognitive and attentional functioning of extremely premature infants at school age, a cross sectional study was designed. Neuropsychological assessments were performed by WISC-R and Gordon test, in prematures and controls at school age. Seventy seven children, 40 preterm (GA 30.5 w) and 37 term at birth, aged 6-7 years-old were assessed. Although both groups obtained an overall IQ within the normal range, prematures showed significantly lower scores than the control group (p< 0.03). Attentional skills were also significantly lower (p <0.01) in the premature children. Children with a history of extreme prematurity are at risk for cognitive and attention impairment at school age. We suggest to introduce screening tools during follow-up which allow early recognition and appropriate intervention.
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Index:
LILACS (Americas)
Main subject:
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
/
Cognition Disorders
/
Premature Birth
Type of study:
Etiology study
/
Observational study
/
Prevalence study
/
Risk factors
Limits:
Child
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
/
Infant, Newborn
Language:
Spanish
Journal:
Rev. Soc. Psiquiatr. Neurol. Infanc. Adolesc
Journal subject:
Neurology
/
Psychiatry
Year:
2012
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Chile
Institution/Affiliation country:
Hospital Carlos Van Buren/CL
/
Hospital Gustavo Fricke/CL
/
Universidad de Chile/CL
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