Hipersensibilidade a inalantes em adultos jovens que responderam o questionário do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood / Hypersensitivity to inhalants in young adults who answered to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire

RESUMO

Objetivo: A prevalência de doenças alérgicas, como asma, rinite e eczema, aumentou significativamente, tendo etiologia multifatorial como a exposição à alérgenos. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência de sensibilização à aeroalérgenos através de testes cutâneos em adultos jovens da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, que responderam ao questionário padrão ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) em 2006 e 2007. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em 600 jovens que responderam ao questionário ISAAC. Desses, 100 foram randomizados para realizar testes cutâneos de hipersensibilidade imediata para os alérgenos: D. pteronyssinus e D. farinae, Blomia tropicalis, Blatella, epitélio de cão e gato. Os resultados foram correlacionados com as respostas dos questionários. Resultados: Nos questionários, 28 (28%) alunos apresentaram-se assintomáticos, 14 (14%) com asma ativa, 63 (63%) com rinite ativa e 12 (12%) com eczema. Entre os submetidos aos testes cutâneos, 37 (74,0%) apresentavam sintomas de rinite (p < 0,05), 9 (64,3%) de asma e 6 (50,0%) de eczema. Observou-se que 50 (50%) alunos apresentaram reações positivas para pelo menos um alérgeno, dos quais 39 (78%) apresentavam sintomas alérgicos e 11 (22,0%) eram assintomáticos (p = 0,18 e OR = 1,82). Entre os que mostraram positividade para mais de um alérgeno, 11 (73,3%) tinha asma, 13 (92,9%) tinham rinite e 7 (58,3%) eczema. (p < 0,05). Conclusões: Observou-se relação direta entre a prevalência de doenças alérgicas e positividade aos testes cutâneos. Rinite foi a doença mais frequente, seguida pela asma e eczema, nos quais os ácaros apresentaram maior prevalência, principalmente o D. farinae.

ABSTRACT

Objective: The prevalence of allergy diseases, such as asthma, rhinitis and eczema, increased significantly having the multifactorial etiology as the allergens exposure. The study objective was to appoint the prevalence of sensitization to the aeroallergens through the skin allergy test (prick test) in young adults from the Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, who filled the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) questionnaire in 2006 and 2007. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 600 young adults who answered the ISAAC questionnaire. From those, 100 were randomly picked to do the skin allergy test for immediate hypersensitivity to the allergens: D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae, Blomia tropicalis, Blatella, dog and cat epithelial. The results and the questionnaires answers were correlated. Results: In the questionnaires, 28 (28%) students presented themselves as asymptomatic, 14 (14%) with active asthma, 63 (63%) with active rhinitis and 12 (12%) with eczema. In the allergy skin tests, 37 (74.0%) had rhinitis symptoms (p < 0.05), 9 (64.3%) had asthma and 6 (50.0%) had eczema. It was proven that 50 (50%) students who had been tested positive for at least one allergen, from them 39 (78%) had allergic symptoms and 11 (22.0%) was asymptomatic (p = 0.18 and OR = 1.82). From those who has more than one allergen, 11 (73.3%) students had asthma, 13 (92.9%) had rhinitis and 7 (58.3%) had eczema (p < 0.05).Conclusions: It was noted a direct relationship to the prevalence of allergy diseases and a positivity in the skin allergy tests. The rhinitis was the main diseases founded followed by the asthma and eczema, which the mites had higher prevalence, specially the D. farinae.