Histórias de aborto provocado entre adolescentes em Teresina, Piauí, Brasil / Histories of induced abortion among adolescents from Teresina in the State of Piauí, Brazil

RESUMO

Este artigo analisa os métodos, os percursos e as redes de apoio utilizados por adolescentes para o aborto clandestino. O estudo, transversal e descritivo, entrevistou 30 adolescentes internadas após a curetagem uterina por aborto em dois hospitais públicos de Teresina, de junho a novembro de 2011. O consentimento livre e esclarecido foi oral e as entrevistas foram gravadas após a confirmação do aborto induzido. Majoritariamente, as adolescentes tinham entre 14 e 17 anos, eram solteiras, urbanas, moravam com os pais, tinham baixa escolaridade e registravam idade gestacional de 12 semanas. O Cytotec foi usado isoladamente por 28 (94%) adolescentes - de 3 a 6 comprimidos, vaginal e/ou oralmente, que procuraram o hospital após sangramento vaginal e/ou cólicas intensas. Elas compraram o Cytotec sozinhas (43%, 13) ou com ajuda de amigo ou companheiro (40%, 12), em farmácias comuns. O medicamento foi vendido pelo proprietário (45%, 13) ou pelo balconista (55%, 16), que deu as orientações de uso. O apoio para as adolescentes irem ao hospital foi dado pela mãe (40%, 12) ou por amiga (30%, 9). Houve 3 (10%) complicações graves, resultando em internação de até 20 dias. O estudo demonstra a predominância do Cytotec como método abortivo entre adolescentes.

ABSTRACT

This paper analyses the methods, techniques and support networks taken by adolescents to perform illegal abortions. It is a descriptive and cross-sectional study involving interviews with 30 adolescents who had been hospitalized for uterine curettage in two public hospitals in Teresina between June and November 2011. Informed consent was given orally, and the interviews were recorded after the confirmation of the induced abortion. The adolescents were between 14 and 17 years old, single, and predominantly lived with their parents in urban areas, had little schooling and recorded a gestational age of 12 weeks. Between 3 and 6 tablets of Cytotec were taken orally and/or vaginally by 28 (94%) adolescents, and they were rushed to the hospital due to severe cramping, vaginal bleeding or both. They either bought Cytotec alone (43%, 13), or with the help of a friend or partner (40%, 12). Cytotec was sold to them in ordinary pharmacies, by the owner (45%, 13) or clerk (55%, 55), who provided instructions for use. They went to the hospital with their mother (40%, 12) or a girl friend (30%, 9). Three (10%) adolescents developed serious complications. The study revealed that Cytotec is the main method used to perform illegal abortions among adolescents.