Relación de pesos al nacer con la proc. de la madre en localidades con uso intensivo de agroquimicos / Relationship between low birth weight and the mother’s origin in areas with use of pesticide in the province of Salta

RESUMEN

Introducción: numerosas bibliografías relacionandesórdenes reproductivos en población expuesta por razónlaboral o ambiental a agroquímicos. Entre otras, se hanestablecido relaciones con bajo peso al nacer (PN).Objetivo: Analizar comparativamente los pesos al naceren departamentos con uso intensivo de plaguicidas y restode la provincia de Salta.Material y Métodos: Se analizó una serie temporal desde1995 a 2008. Para el año 2010 se analizaron 8588 partosdel Hospital capitalino. Se calcularon medidas descriptivasy pruebas estadísticas con InfoStat v. 2008.Resultados: la procedencia de la madre resultó asociada enforma fuertemente significativa (x2= 63,52; p<0,0001) con losbajos pesos del recién nacido cuando se analizaron todos lospartos del hospital capitalino. El intervalo de confianza parala razón de chances conα=0,05 fue (1,69-2,39), resultandodoble la chance de presentarse bajo PN cuando la madrehabita localidades donde se aplican plaguicidas.Discusión: de la serie de las tasas de recién nacidoscon bajo peso al nacer surge que han sido inferiores enlos departamentos expuestos a plaguicidas que en el restode la provincia, con prevalencias inferiores a 0,08. Puedeinterpretarse como un subregistro de bajos pesos porderivación de los embarazos de riesgo al hospital capitalino.Se debe profundizar el estudio de la carga ambiental de losembarazos de riesgo

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Literature relates reproductive disorders to population exposed topesticides due to environmental or work reasons. Among others, a relationship to lowbirth weight (LBW) has been established.Objective: To compare and analyze birth weights in areas with intensive use of pesticidesand in the rest of the province.Material and Methods: A temporal series was analyzed between 1995 and 2008. By theyear 2010, 8588 deliveries had been analyzed at the capital hospital. Descriptive measuresand statistical tests were calculated with InfoStat v. 2008.Results: the rate of newborns with low birth weight ranged between 3.5 (1994) and6.5% (1996) in Anta; and between 5.4% (2003) and 7.4% (2007) in Orán. For the restof the province it ranged between 6.4% (1995) and 8.5% (2007). When analyzing theseries, no significant differences in the proportion of low birth weight in exposed areaswere observed when compared to the rest of the province of Salta. However, the mother’sorigin was significantly associated (x2= 63.52; p<0.0001) with low birth rates when alldeliveries were analyzed at the capital hospital. Confidence interval for odds ratio withα=0.05 was (1.69-2.39). There is a double chance of low birth weight when mothers livein areas where pesticides are used.Discussion: from the series of rates of newborns with low birth weight it is seen thatthey have been lower in areas exposed to pesticides than in the rest of the province, withprevalence under 0.08. This can be understood as a sub-record of low weight due toreferral of risk pregnancies to the capital hospital. The study of environmental burden inrisk pregnancies has to continue