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Enfoque diagnóstico y terapéutico de la cetoacidosis diabética en niños y adolescentes en el servicio de urgencias / Diagnostic and therapeutic approach of diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents in the emergency department
Jiménez Fadul, Ana María; Cortés Millán, Juan Carlos.
  • Jiménez Fadul, Ana María; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Departamento de Pediatría. Bogotá. CO
  • Cortés Millán, Juan Carlos; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Departamento de Pediatría. Bogotá. CO
Iatreia ; 26(3): 325-335, jul.-sept. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-683021
RESUMEN
La complicación aguda más frecuente en niños con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 es la cetoacidosis diabética (CAD). Las alteraciones bioquímicas que definen la CAD (hiperglucemia, acidosis metabólica y cetonemia) se deben al déficit relativo o total de insulina asociado al aumento de hormonas contrarreguladoras. La mayoría de las muertes por CAD son prevenibles con un buen manejo inicial reposición gradual de líquidos, adición oportuna de dextrosa a la hidratación y terapia con insulina. En esta revisión crítica de la literatura se describen la fisiopatología, las manifestaciones clínicas, el tratamiento y las principales complicaciones de la CAD.
ABSTRACT
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most frequent complication in children with type 1 diabetes. DKA is due to a partial or complete insulin deficit, associated with an increase of counter-regulatory hormones, which leads to the biochemical alterations that define the disease hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis and ketonemia. Most DKA related deaths are caused by complications associated with the initial treatment. To prevent complications, an adequate assessment in the emergency service is essential; gradual reposition of fluids, dextrose supplementation during hydration, and insulin therapy are necessary. This paper is a critical review of the physiopathology, clinical manifestations, treatment and main complications of DKA.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Emergency Medical Services Type of study: Diagnostic study Limits: Adolescent / Child Language: Spanish Journal: Iatreia Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2013 Type: Article Affiliation country: Colombia Institution/Affiliation country: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana/CO

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Emergency Medical Services Type of study: Diagnostic study Limits: Adolescent / Child Language: Spanish Journal: Iatreia Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2013 Type: Article Affiliation country: Colombia Institution/Affiliation country: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana/CO