Dermatomicosis y onicomicosis en estudiantes de una escuela de policia / Dermatomycosis and onycomycosis in trainees of a police academy

RESUMEN

Con el fin de conocer la prevalencia de las dermatomicosis y de las micosis ungueales se evaluaron clinica y micologicamente en dos oportunidades 213 hombres jovenes que estaban recibiendo entrenamiento en una escuela de policia. El estudio inicial se hizo al ingreso a la escuela en abril de 1988 y en el se encontro que 126 individuos tenian algun tipo de micosis superficial y que las dermatofitosis constituian el 65.5% de las 200 lesiones diagnosticadas. Los agentes mas frecuentes de dermatofitosis fueron T. mentagrophytes y E. floccosum. Tambien se encontraron candidiasis, trichosporiasis, pitiriasis, infecciones mixtas e infecciones por hongos ambientales. Se prescribio tratamiento topico convencional a todos los individuos afectados. Cuatro meses despues de la encuesta inicial, inmediatamente antes del egreso, se llevo a cabo un segundo estudio de caracteristicas similares; en esa oportunidad se incluyeron los 145 individuos que aun permanecian en la escuela; en 105 de ellos se comprobo algun tipo de micosis superficial, con un total de 185 lesiones; se hallaron las mismas entidades que en el primer estudio y nuevamente predominaron las dermatofitosis cuya causa mas frecuente fue el E. floccosum seguido por el T. mentagrophytes. Se obtuvieron muestras de diferentes areas humedas de uso comun, como banos, vestier y piscina; de ellas se aislaron T. rubrum y T. mentagrophytes. Ademas de la alta prevalencia inicial de dermatofitosis y micosis ungueales, reveladora de la importancia de estas enfermedades en las comunidades de origen, los resultados del ...

ABSTRACT

In order to determine the prevalence of dermatomycosis and ungueal mycosis, we studied 213 young men who were enrolled at a police academy. They received both clinical and mycological evaluation on two separate occasions, the first one at the time of admission In apr1l1988; at this point we found that 126 of them (59.2%) had some type of superficial mycosis and that dermatophytosis represented 65.5% of the 200 lesions observed. The most frequent causative agents were T. mentagrophytes (30.5%) y E. floccosum (18.3%). Candidiasis, trichosporiasis, pitiriasis, mixed infections and infections caused by environmental fungi were also found. AII received conventionaliocal therapy. Four months later, just before the end of their training, the 145 that were still at the academy were evaluated for the second time. In 105 of them (72.4%), some type of superficial mycosis was diagnosed, for a total of 185 lesions. Findings were similar to those of the first evaluation with dermatophytosis predominating (63.8%). E. floccosum was found in 27.1 % and T. mentagrophytes in 14.4%. Samples were also obtained from public areas specially moist ones like showers, vestiers and swimming pool and from them T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes were isolated. Besides the high initial prevalence of dermatomycosis and ungueal mycosis which reveal their importance in the environment of people evaluated, our study allows us to postulate that special conditions tied to policemen training (Intense physical exercise, sweating, insufficient drying after shower, boot wear), favor occurrence and persistence of these mycosis