Pigment production and growth of Alternanthera plants cultured in vitro in the presence of tyrosine

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of tyrosine on the in vitro growth and the production of the betacyanin pigment in Alternanthera philoxeroides and A. tenella. Nodal segments were inoculated in MS medium containing different concentrations of tyrosine (0, 25, 50 and 75 μM), and the number of sprouts and buds, height, root length, fresh matter of shoots and roots and betacyanin content were evaluated. In A. philoxeroides , the highest production of betacyanin (51.30 mg 100 g-1 FM) was in the stems with the addition of approximately 45 μM tyrosine, while the increase in the leaves was proportional to the tyrosine concentration, and the best average was obtained with a tyrosine concentration of 75 μM (15.32 mg 100 g-1 FM). Higher tyrosine concentrations were deleterious to the growth of A. tenella plants, and a concentration of 75 μM was considered toxic. However, a tyrosine concentration of 50 μM benefitted betacyanin production, which reached 36.5 mg 100 g-1 FM in the plant shoots. These results showed the positive effect of tyrosine on the production of betacyanin in both species; however, application at high concentrations hampered the growth of Alternanthera plants.