Relación entre autoeficacia, autoestima y el consumo de drogas médicas sin prescripción en escolares de colegios urbanos de Perú / Relationship among self-efficacy, self-esteem and misuse of prescription drugs in urban school students in Peru

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Observar en escolares la relación entre el consumo no médico de estimulantes y tranquilizantes con la autoestima y la autoeficacia, y revisar factores asociados al consumo. Métodos: Análisis secundario con la base de datos de la tercera encuesta nacional sobre prevención y consumo de drogas en escolares (2009) por DEVIDA. Se analizaron 57 850 escolares del Perú. Del estudio original se extrajo el consumo de tranquilizantes y estimulantes sin prescripción, así como la escala de autoestima y la de actitud emprendedora (tomada en este estudio como escala de autoeficacia). Se realizaron análisis bivariados para la asociación entre el consumo de medicamentos, la autoestima y autoeficacia mediante el cálculo de oddsáratio (OR). Se realizó una regresión logística, se crearon modelos para autoestima y para autoeficacia con datos sociodemográficos y la prevalencia anual de consumo de medicamentos sin fines médicos. Resultados: La prevalencia anual del consumo de tranquilizantes fue ligeramente menor que la de estimulantes. Los modelos de regresión, arrojaron que a mayor autoeficacia existe una menor probabilidad de consumir tranquilizantes y estimulantes por separado. Los escolares con una mayor autoestima tienen menor probabilidad de consumir tranquilizantes y estimulantes, excepto en autoestima moderada en el caso de tranquilizantes que no resultó significativo. Se encontraron patrones parecidos en escolares que consumieron cualquiera de las dos...

ABSTRACT

Objective: To determinethe relationship between self-efficacy and self-esteem with the consumption of prescription drugs such as tranquilizers and stimulants without prescription and their associated factors. Methods: Secondary analysis of a database from DEVIDA, 57 850 school students were analyzed. The prevalence of prescription drugs and its associated factors were analyzed. Bivariate analysis and odds ratios were used to determine the association between self-efficacy, selfesteem and use of prescription drugs without prescription. Logistic regression models were done to analyze the use of tranquilizers, stimulants and any of those drugs, with social and demographic variables. Results: The prevalence of tranquilizers was less than the one for stimulants. The regression models showed that students with greater self-efficacy had less probability to use tranquilizers or stimulants. Students with greater self-esteem had less probability to use tranquilizers without prescription. In stimulants only, a high self-esteem was significant with a less consumption of this prescription drug. Similar findings were found with the regression model that measured the consumption of any drug without prescription. Conclusions: The prevalence of prescription drugs is similar to the results found in other studies. The findings reported a relationship between self-efficacy, self-esteem and prescription drugs. Self-efficacy and self-esteem have an important role in the consumption of prescription drugs. Schools should pay attention on the consumption of prescription drugs of their students. Teachers should work on the development of a strong self-efficacy and self-esteem so that the use of these drugs could be minimized.