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Terapia de reposição hormonal na menopausa / Hormone replacement therapy in menopause
Pardini, Dolores.
  • Pardini, Dolores; Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Escola Paulista de Medicina. Ambulatório de Menopausa.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 58(2): 172-181, 03/2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-709341
RESUMO
Embora o estrógeno já esteja disponível para venda há mais de seis décadas, as mulheres ainda permanecem confusas quanto ao risco e aos benefícios da terapia hormonal na menopausa (THM), terapia estrogênica isolada ou associada a progestágenos. A publicação de estudos controlados, randomizados, como o Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) e Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), intensificou essa controvérsia risco/benefício. Milhares de mulheres são tratadas com THM para alívio dos sintomas menopausais, incluindo sintomas vasomotores e sudorese, principal indicação da estrogenoterapia. Outras podem persistir no tratamento na esperança de prevenir doenças crônicas. A manutenção da massa óssea e a prevenção de fraturas são efeitos do estrógeno já bem estabelecidos. Estudos observacionais dos efeitos metabólicos e vasculares do estrógeno sugerem um benefício em potencial na redução do risco de doenças vasculares, mas estudos randomizados e controlados não demonstraram nenhuma evidência de que a terapia hormonal pudesse beneficiar as mulheres com doença vascular previamente instalada ou em mulheres aparentemente saudáveis. O aumento do risco de câncer de mama e doença tromboembólica tem se confirmado nesses estudos. A incidência em números absolutos de efeitos adversos é baixa e o risco individual no primeiro ano de tratamento é muito baixo. Os riscos são cumulativos com o tempo de uso. A relação risco/benefício deve ser individualizada.
ABSTRACT
Although estrogen has been clinically available for more than six decades, women have been confused by different opinions regarding the risks and benefits of menopausal hormone therapy (HT), estrogen therapy (ET), and estrogen-progestin therapy (EPT). The publication of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), notably, the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) and Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), has intensified the risk vs. benefit controversy. Millions of women are treated with HT for relief of menopausal symptoms, including vasomotor flushes and sweats, for which estrogen is uniquely and highly effective. Others may continue longer-term treatment in the hope that HT will help to prevent chronic disease. The preservation of bone mass with continuing estrogen therapy and reduction of subsequent risk of fracture is well established. Observational studies of the metabolic and vascular effects of estrogens have suggested a potential benefit in reducing the risk of vascular disease, but recently published randomized controlled trials demonstrated no evidence of benefit in women with established vascular disease or in apparently healthy women. The increased risks of breast cancer and thromboembolic disease have been confirmed in these trials, with evidence of increased risk of stroke. The absolute incidence of an adverse event is low, and the risk of stroke in an individual woman in a single year is very small, but with long-term use, the risks are cumulative over time. The risk-benefit balance needs to be individualized for each woman.
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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Menopause / Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Clinical Trials as Topic / Estrogens Type of study: Controlled clinical trial / Etiology study / Observational study / Risk factors Limits: Adult / Female / Humans Language: Portuguese Journal: Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab Journal subject: Endocrinology / Metabolism Year: 2014 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Menopause / Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Clinical Trials as Topic / Estrogens Type of study: Controlled clinical trial / Etiology study / Observational study / Risk factors Limits: Adult / Female / Humans Language: Portuguese Journal: Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab Journal subject: Endocrinology / Metabolism Year: 2014 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil