Atención prenatal y mortalidad materna hospitalaria en Tijuana, Baja California / Prenatal care and hospital maternal mortality in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico

RESUMEN

Objetivo. Describir la atención médica prenatal recibida en mujeres con mortalidad materna hospitalaria en el IMSS durante 2005-2012 en Tijuana, Baja California, México. Material y métodos. La información se obtuvo de los archivos de los Comités de Mortalidad Materna y revisión del expediente. Resultados. Hubo 44 muertes maternas (MM). Treinta (68%) asistieron a atención prenatal (AP), el promedio de citas fue de 3.8 y 18 (41%) tuvieron una AP adecuada (≥ 5 citas). Seis (14%) mujeres no sabían que estaban embarazadas; 19 (43%), 21 (48%) y 4 (9%) de las MM fueron por causa obstétrica directa, indirecta y no obstétrica. Ocho (18%), 2 (4 %) y 34 (77%) de las MM ocurrieron en el embarazo, parto y puerperio. Conclusiones. Es necesario que las mujeres embarazadas tengan una vigilancia prenatal temprana, periódica y sistemática que permita la identificación y el diagnóstico oportuno de pacientes con alto riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones durante su embarazo.

ABSTRACT

Objective. To describe the prenatal care (PC) received in women with maternal hospital deaths from 2005 to 2011 in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. Materials and methods. Were reviewed the medical chars and registrations of the maternal deaths by the local Committees of Maternal Mortality. Results. There were 44 maternal hospital deaths. Thirty (68%) women assisted to PC appointments during pregnancy, the average number of PC visits was 3.8 and 18 (41%) had an adequate PC (≥ 5 visits). Six (14%) women didn't know they were pregnant; 19 (43%), 21 (48%) y 4 (9%) maternal deaths were due to direct, indirect obstetric cause or non-obstetric causes. Eighteen (18%), 2 (4 %) and 34 (77%) of the maternal deaths occurred during pregnancy, delivery or puerperium. Conclusions. It is necessary pregnancy women have an early, periodic and systematic PC to identify opportunely risk factors associated with pregnancy complications.